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1、【导读】鲁滨逊漂流记是由丹尼尔狄福于59岁时所著的第一部小说。首次出版于1719年4月25日。这本小说被认为是第一本用英文以日记形式写成的小说，享有英国第一部现实主义长篇小说的头衔。【文化节选】CHAPTER 5 Learning to live aloneI still needed a lot of things.“Well，”I said，“Im going to have to make them.”So，every day，I worked.First of all，I wanted to make my cave bigger.I carried out stone from th
2、e cave，and after many days hard work I had a large cave in the side of the hill.Then I needed a table and a chair，and that was my next job.I had to work on them for a long time.I also wanted to make places to put all my food，and all my tools and guns.But every time I wanted a piece of wood，I had to
3、cut down a tree.It was long，slow，difficult work，and during the next months I learnt to be very clever with my tools.There was no hurry.I had all the time in the world.I also went out every day，and I always had my gun with me.Sometimes I killed a wild animal，and then I had meat to eat.But when it got
4、 dark，I had to go to bed because I had no light.I couldnt read or write because I couldnt see.For a long time，I didnt know what to do.But in the end，I learnt how to use the fat of dead animals to make a light.The weather on my island was usually very hot，and there were often storms and heavy rain.Th
5、e next June，it rained all the time，and I couldnt go out very often.I was also ill for some weeks，but slowly，I got better.When I was stronger，I began to go out again.The first time I killed a wild animal，and the second time I caught a big turtle.I was on the island for ten months before I visited oth
6、er parts of it.During those months I worked hard on my cave and my house and my fence.Now I was ready to find out more about the rest of the island.First，I walked along the side of a little river.There，I found open ground without trees.Later，I came to more trees with many different fruits.I decided
7、to take a lot of the fruit，and to put it to dry in the sun for a time.Then I could keep it for many months.That night I went to sleep in a tree for the second time，and the next day I went on with my journey.Soon I came to an opening in the hills.In front of me，everything was green，and there were flo
8、wers everywhere.There were also a lot of different birds and animals.I saw that my house was on the worst side of the island.But I didnt want to move from there.It was my home now.I stayed away for three days，and then I came home.But I often went back to the other，greener side of the island.And so m
9、y life went on.Every month I learnt to do or to make something new.But I had troubles and accidents too.Once there was a terrible storm with very heavy rain.The roof of my cave fell in，and nearly killed me！I had to build it up again with many pieces of wood.第五章学会独自生活我仍需要很多东西。“好吧，”我说，“我只能去做出来。”于是，每天，
10、我都工作着。首先，我把我的山洞扩大。我从洞里运出石头，经过许多天的艰苦劳动我在小山的一侧有了个大的山洞。然后，我需要一张桌子和一把椅子，这便是我接下来的工作。为此，我不得不长时间地干。我还想要找些地方存放我的食物，以及我全部的工具和枪支。每一次我需要一块木板时都不得不砍倒一棵树。这是一项漫长而艰难的工作，在随后的几个月里我学会熟练地使用工具了。无须焦急。我拥有世界上的全部时间。我依然每天出去，而且总是随身带枪。有时我杀死一只野兽，然后，就可以有肉吃了。但每到天黑，因为没有灯，我就只好睡觉。由于看不见我不能读书也没法写字，好长一段时间我不知道该怎么做。但最终我学会了如何使用死兽的脂肪来点灯。岛上
11、的天气通常很热，经常有暴风雨。第二年的六月一直在下雨，我不能够经常出去。我也病了几个星期，但慢慢地我好转了。当我强壮起来时，我又开始外出。第一次我杀了一只野兽，第二次我捕获了一只大海龟。当我去参观岛的其他地方时，我在岛上已有10个月了，在这期间，我为我的洞穴、我的房子、我的篱笆忙活，现在我可以进一步了解该岛其他地方的情况了。首先，我沿着一条小河岸前行。那儿，我发现一片没有树木的开阔地。随后，我到达了一片结着各种水果的树林。我决定多摘些果子把它们在太阳下放一阵晒干。然后就可以保存很多个月了。那个晚上，我第二次睡在了树上，第二天便又继续我的旅行。不久，我到了这个小山的开阔地。在我面前，一片郁郁葱葱
12、，鲜花遍野。还有很多各种各样的鸟类和动物。我明白我的房子是在这个岛的最糟的一侧。但我并不打算从那儿迁移，那是我的家。我在外待了三天，然后回了家。但我经常回到这岛的另外的绿色的一边。我的生活继续着。每个月我学会干点或制造点新的东西。但也总有麻烦和灾祸。一次一场夹着大雨的风暴来临，我的山洞的顶层塌了下来，差点就要了我的命！我不得不用很多木材把它重新建好。知识积累 1make places腾出地方2cut down砍倒3turtle n海龟4But every time I wanted a piece of wood，I had to cut down a tree.分析every time在此用作连词，引导时间状语从句。I had to cut down a tree为主句。文化链接丹尼尔笛福(Daniel Defoe 16601731)，英国作家，新闻记者。英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。其作品主要以个人通过努力，靠自己的智慧和勇敢战胜困难为构架，采用自述方式，情节曲折，可读性强，并表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。3
