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1、ocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of three to split. (A) fully grasp no unauthorised created. The township no unauthorised created the existing building one household, one document survey and file storage work must be unconditional and full coverage. Main
2、 corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a no unauthorised village. According to five hundred villages created and shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files
3、, the real no unauthorised village created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. Promoting the new control work to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthori
4、sed network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression,
5、demolition work to ensure that the new zero tolerance. Second, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective ful
6、filment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security
7、 sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation , building d
8、emolition, modification, use combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is. To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to three t
9、o split and five hundred and five water treatment, three of the four sides, the shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and two road sides, series work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residentia
10、l demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put three modified a split as traditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effective optimization park environ
11、ment生物质颗粒燃料是一种典型的生物质固体成型燃料，具有高效、洁净、点火容易、CO零排放等优点，可替代煤炭等化石燃料应用于炊事、供暖等民用领域和锅炉燃烧、发电等工业领域。巾国的生物质资源产量丰富，其中农作物秸秆年产量约为6亿t，具有极大的发展潜力。但由于以秸秆等生物质为原料生产的生物质颗粒燃料的灰分、碱金属含量较高，使用时易出现结渣、碱金属及氯腐蚀、设备内飞灰严重等问题，对燃烧技术和设备提出了更高的要求。目前，国内外对于生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧机理方面开展了一定的研究。盛奎川等对生物质燃料的物理品质进行了研究；王惺、王翠苹等采用TGDTG热分析技术研究了生物质颗粒燃料的着火、燃尽等特性；马孝琴等
12、研究了影响秸秆成型燃料燃烧速度的因素，侯中兰等研究了成型燃料点火性能的影响凶素。GilbeC、JuanFGonzfilez分别研究了不同木质、秸秆类(包括能源作物等)成型燃料在家用炉具中结渣的形成与特征，BomanC、LindaSJohansson分别研究了木质燃料及成型燃料的燃烧特性，MariaOlssonvs研究了软木颗粒燃烧时污染物的排放量，JDias研究了4种不同颗粒燃料在家用炉具中的燃烧特性及污染物排放，GeorgBaemthaler。7J确定了生物质燃料中影响灰分形成的主要元素为Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg等。虽然中国也引进了部分燃烧设备，但是目前对生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性及污染物排
13、放特性缺乏详细的研究。国外的情况与国内有较大差异，如国外多以木质原料为主，而中国主要以农作物秸秆为主。本文拟在国外引进的生物质颗粒燃烧器中对中国的生物质颗粒燃料开展燃烧试验，深入分析生物质颗粒燃料的点火特性、燃烧效率、污染物排放以及燃烧后的灰渣特性等，为设计适合中国国情的生物质颗粒燃料燃烧设备提供理论依据和技术支持。1材料与方法11试验原料本试验所用生物质颗粒燃料均于2009年7月取自北京市大兴区某生物质颗粒燃料生产厂，由农业部规划设计研究院研制的485型生物质颗粒燃料成型机压制而成。试验选取了8种典型的生物质颗粒燃料，包括棉秆、麦秸、玉米秸、玉米秸(含添加剂)4种秸秆类颗粒燃料；落叶松、红松
14、、混合木质(榆树、柳树、杨树、桃树和红松的混合物)3种木质颗粒燃料；以及1种木质与秸秆类的混合生物质颗粒燃料(木屑与花生壳混合，质量比为1：4)。所有颗粒燃料均压缩加工为圆柱型，直径8min，长度1030rnn，颗粒密度约12gc。8种典型生物质颗粒燃料的特性见表1。12试验仪器和装置121试验仪器试验仪器主要包括GJ一2密封式化验制样粉碎机(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)、XL一1箱型高温炉(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)、VarioEL元素分析仪(德国ELEMENTAR公司)、VISTAMPX型等离子发射光谱仪(美国瓦里安公司)、BSA223SCW型分析天平(赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公
15、司)、PL2002型电子天平(瑞士梅特勒托利多公司)、SZ11-4型往复式自动振筛机(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)、KM9106型综合烟气分析仪(英国凯恩公司)、1011A型电热鼓风干燥箱(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)、ZDHW-5型微机全自动量热仪(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)、HRA5型微机灰熔点测定仪(河南省鹤壁市天弘仪器有限公司)等。122试验装置本试验所用的装置如图1所示，整个系统由料仓、螺旋输送器、燃烧器、热水锅炉、烟气分析系统和测量控制系统等组成。其中，燃烧系统选用从瑞典引进的PelleX生物质颗粒燃料自动燃烧器，热输出为1025kw；燃烧效率约为90；点火功率消耗约为40
16、0w；运行时功率消耗约为40w。该燃烧器的喂料方式为上进料式，具有燃烧器与料仓分离、回火危险小、可根据功率要求保证精确定量进料等优点。操作流程：启动时，首先使螺旋输送器中充满燃料，然后将其与燃烧器连接；打开操作开关，燃烧器启动，开始进料，当达到启动所需的燃料量时点火，当火焰传感器检测出火焰后，启动完成；鼓风机启动，燃料着火区域扩大，继续喂给燃料，当火焰稳定后，进入预运行阶段：待燃烧逐步稳定后，进入运行阶段，鼓风机全速运行，螺旋输送器按照设定值以规定速率进料，燃烧器全功率运行；当热水锅炉的出水温度低于设定温度约5时，燃烧器进入低功率运行状态，进料量为正常运行的65，鼓风机速度降低；当锅炉温度达到设定值(或关闭开关)时，火焰逐渐熄灭，进料停止，鼓风机继续运行一段时间后停止，进入等待模式。如果热水锅炉的出水温度低于设定温度，燃烧器将再次启动。燃烧器设有控制器，可
