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1、第一章 殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学I. 知识结构William Bradford 布拉德福德literatureCaptain John Smith 史密斯literatureThe colonial and revolutionary American literature(1607-1781-1815) 殖民地时期及独立革命时期The colonial American literature殖民地时期The revolutionary American literature独立革命时期Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor 泰勒Roger Williams 威廉
2、斯Philip Freneau弗瑞诺Benjamin Franklin富兰克林Thomas Paine 潘恩Jonathan Edwards爱德华兹Thomas Jefferson杰斐逊II. 知识点精讲1. 时代背景1) The Native American and their culture-Indians. Before Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent, there was no real literature.2) Christopher Columbus discovered the American c
3、ontinent in 1492.3) Captain Christopher Newport reached Virginia in 1607.4) Puritans came to the New England area, by Mayflower（五月花号） in 1620.In 1629, the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.（马萨诸塞湾）Puritans came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they w
4、ere a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. It is true that they wished to escape religious persecutionand the English government regarded its American colony as an ideal dumping ground for the undesirables, but they were also determined to find a plac
5、e where they could worship in the way they thought true Christians should. They regarded themselves as Gods chosen people, they were meant to reestablish a commonwealth based on the teachings of the Bible, restore the lost paradise, and build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden.5) The puritan m
6、igration began.The settlement of the North American continent by the English began in the early part of the seventeenth century. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They carried with them to America a code of values, a philosop
7、hy of life, and a point of view, which, in time, took root in the New World and became what is popularly known as American Puritanism.6) The British Industrial revolution (1750-1830) spurred the economy in American colonies; in American, there was War of Independence (1776-1783); the spiritual life
8、of the colonies-Enlightenment began to appear. Thus, this period was the literature of reason and revolution (1781-1815).2. 名词解释1） Puritans（清教徒）: They are one division of English Protestant. They regarded the reformation of the church under Elizabeth as incomplete, and called for further purificatio
9、n. The 17th century American Puritans included two parts: Separatists and Massachusetts Bay Group. Their religious doctrines are original sin, total depravity, predestination and limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few) through a special infusion of grace from God. They regarded themse
10、lves as chosen people of God. They were meant to reestablish a commonwealth based on the teachings of the Bible, restore the lost paradise, and build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. They opposed arts and pleasure. They suspect joy and laughter as symptoms of sin. They are opposed to mystic
11、ism and pantheism because these tended to destroy the transcendence of God.They embraced hardships, industry and frugality. They favored a disciplined, hard, somber, ascetic and harsh life. Their attitudes toward work: work itself is good in addition to what it achieves, that time saved by efficienc
12、y or good fortune should be spent in doing further work. Pushing the frontiers with them as they moved further and further westward, they became more practical, as indeed they had to be. A doctrinaire opportunist came perhaps closest to the American Puritan ideal for man.2） American Puritanism(美国清教主
13、义): It is a religious and political movement. Through it, one sees emerging the right of the individual to political and religious independence. It has become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, rather than a set of tenets, a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe,
14、 that we may state with a degree of safety that, without some understanding of Puritanism, there can be no real understanding of American culture and literature. American Puritanism has been, by and large, a healthy legacy to the Americans.3） American Dream(美国梦): The American Dream is the faith held
15、 by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. Nowadays the America
16、n Dream has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of success and/or happiness.4） Great Awakening(宗教大觉醒): Great Awakening is a series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of the 18th century. It resulted in doctrinal changes and influenced social and political thought. In New England it was started (1734) by the rousing preaching of Jonathan Edwards.3.作家作品1）Capt
