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1、 SCRIBES AND SCHOLARS A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature BY L. D. REYNOLDS Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford AND N. G. WILSON Fellow and Tutor of Lincoln College, Oxford THIRD EDITION CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxf
2、ord New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Pr
3、ess Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Oxford University Press 1968, 1974, 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing
4、 of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the
5、terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of
6、trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser British Library Ca
7、taloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Scribes and scholars: a guide to the transmission of Greek and Latin literature/by L. D. Reynolds andN G. Wilson.3rd ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Classical literatureCriticism, Te
8、xtual. 2. Classical literatureManuscripts, 3. Learning and scholarshipHistory. 4. Manuscripts, Renaissance. 5. Manuscripts, Medieval. 6. Transmission of texts. 7. Scriptoria. I. Wilson, Nigel Guy. II. Title. PA47.R4 1991 00T.2dc20 90-41300 ISBN 0-19-872146-3 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United Sta
9、tes of America on acid-free paper PREFACE As we said in the preface to the first edition, this book is designed as a simple introduction for beginners to a field of classical studies which generally remains little known or understood despite its importance and intrinsic interest. In schools and univ
10、ersities students read Greek and Latin authors in editions equipped with an apparatus criticus, but they are too often unacquainted with the historical facts which make such an apparatus necessary, and are at a loss to evaluate the information that it gives. There are few works in English to which t
11、hey can be referred, and a short guide is needed, especially one which can be read by those whose linguistic and historical knowledge is limited. We have attempted to outline the processes by which Greek and Latin literature have been preserved, describing the dangers to which texts were exposed in
12、the age of the manuscript book, and showing to what extent ancient and medieval readers or scholars were concerned to preserve or transmit classical texts. The history of texts cannot be separated from the history of education and scholarship, which also bulk large in these pages. On the other hand,
13、 matters of pure palaeography receive attention only if they are of direct importance for transmission. The book is intended in the first place for students of Greek and Latin, but the theme handled is so inextricably connected with the cultural history of the Middle Ages and Renaissance that we thi
14、nk our account may be useful to anyone concerned with these periods. We also hope that students of biblical scholarship may find some- thing of interest. Whereas the first edition took the story no further than the Renaissance and lacked notes, the second was enlarged in both these respects. In orde
15、r not to encumber a readable text with a heavy apparatus we put the notes at the end of the book and made them largely bibliographical. The new chapter had to be even more selective than the others, but it seemed worth the effort to complete the historical perspective. VI Preface Despite a widely he
16、ld opinion to the contrary, classical studies make rapid advances, and after an interval of fifteen years there are many points at which our second edition no longer represents the current state of knowledge. We have tried to make the necessary adjustments, and some small additions, without in any way changing the character and purpose of the book. Over the years we have profited a great deal from the kindness of friends, reviewers, and the translators who have rendered our work into It
