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1、 Dependency in Linguistic Description Volume 111 Dependency in Linguistic Description Edited by Alain Polgure and Igor A. Meluk Editors Werner Abraham University of Vienna Michael Noonan University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Editorial Board Joan Bybee University of New Mexico Ulrike Claudi University o
2、f Cologne Bernard Comrie Max Planck Institute, Leipzig University of California, Santa Barbara William Croft University of New Mexico sten Dahl University of Stockholm Gerrit J. Dimmendaal University of Cologne Ekkehard Knig Free University of Berlin Christian Lehmann University of Erfurt Robert E.
3、Longacre University of Texas, Arlington Brian MacWhinney Carnegie-Mellon University Marianne Mithun University of California, Santa Barbara Edith Moravcsik University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Masayoshi Shibatani Rice University and Kobe University Russell S. Tomlin University of Oregon Studies in Lan
4、guage Companion Series (SLCS) This series has been established as a companion series to the periodical Studies in Language. Dependency in Linguistic Description Edited by Alain Polgure Igor A. Meluk University of Montreal John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia Library of Congress
5、 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dependency in linguistic description / edited by Alain Polgure, Igor A. Melcuk. p. cm. (Studies in Language Companion Series, issn 0165-7763 ; v. 111) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Dependency grammar. 2. French language-Syntax. 3. Serbian language-
6、Syntax. I. Polgure, Alain, 1959- II. Melcuk, Igor A. (Igor Aleksandrovic), 1932- P162.D44 2009 415-dc22 2009000404 isbn 978 90 272 0578 0 (hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 8958 2 (eb) 2009 John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
7、other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. P.O. Box 36224 1020 me Amsterdam The Netherlands John Benjamins North America P.O. Box 27519 Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 usa The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National
8、 Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. 8 TM Contents Notations, abbreviations and writing conventionsxi Forewordxiii Igor Mel uk and Alain Polgure 1 Dependency syntax: general considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9、 . . . xiii 1.1 Definitorial properties of dependency syntactic structures . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1.1.1 Connectedness of the syntactic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv 1.1.2 Directedness of syntactic relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv 1.1.3 Strict hi
10、erarchical organization of the syntactic structure. . . . . . . xiv 1.1.4 “Meaningfulness” of syntactic relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1.2 Syntactic dependencies, with more Meaning-Text flavor. . . . . . . . . . . . xvi 1.2.1 Meaning-to-text perspective . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1.2.2 Emphasis on the description of dependencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1.2.3 Deep vs. surface distinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1.2.4 Ban on linear order in syntactic structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . xviii 2 Presentation of the papers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii 2.1 Mel uk: a sketch of dependency theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix 2.2 Kahane: phrases in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. . . . . . . . .
13、 xx 2.3 Iordanskaja and Mel uk: valence-controlled surface-syntactic relations between a verb and its dependents in French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx 2.4 Mili evi : Serbian second-position clitics in a dependency framework. xxi 3 Making of the volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii Dependency in Natural Language1 Igor Mel uk Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 P ART I : PRELIMINARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 Auxiliary notions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 viSYNTACTIC DEPENDENCY IN LINGUISTIC D
16、ESCRIPTION 2 Basic assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Illustrations of sentence structures: Semantic, Syntactic, and Morphological Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 P ART II : THREE MAJOR TYPES OF LINGUISTIC DEPENDENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
