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1、宾语补足语 的用法,英语的五个基本结构 S 十 V 主谓结构 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 说明： S主语；V谓语；P表语； O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语； C宾语补足语,Object complement 宾语补足语,宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。 They called her the Loulan Beauty. 在这句话中，her是宾语，the Loulan Beauty作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。,动词总结 能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是
2、及物动词。,第一类：感觉动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾补可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。 He heard a distant voice shouting. I could smell Chinese vegetables cooking. Did you see a cat being driven away?,第二类：含使动意义的动词，如let, have, get, make, would like, want等，这类词所接的宾补多是动词原形或过去分词。 Weve just had the house deco
3、rated. You must get the car repaired. At my school they dont make us wear school uniform. They let us wear whatever we like. I want the work finished by January 1st.,第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。 Call me Joe, please. She was elected the president of the com
4、pany. They have made me the chairman. They have made me a nice chair.,注意：这类结构和双宾的区别,第四类：v.+sb.+to do sth.结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, want, force, inspire, invite, order, permit,remind, request等。 They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help. Help
5、 me move the desk, will you?,第五类：find, keep等几个动词的用法很灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词，副词，词组，现在分词和过去分词等。 We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long? Suddenly I found my wallet stolen. Keep the door closed.,宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担： n. / adj. /adv. / 介词短语 / v.原型 / ing/ v-ed / to d
6、o / to be 1.We chose him our monitor. 2.We must make our classroom clean. 3.He found the light on. 4.The firemen got the fire under control. 5.The teacher let him stand out. 6.Did you hear someone singing? 7.The parents make their children educated. 8.The doctor advised me to have a rest. 9.We all c
7、onsider him to be a hero.,make/ choose/ select + 名词+ 职务（不带冠词）,1. At last Obama was selected president of America. 2. We all chose him representative of our team. 3. They made Jim their leader in digging for the treasures in an ancient tomb near the mountain.,动词不定式做宾补,to do 做宾补表示宾语要去做的动作，能用to do 做宾补的
8、v.有：(即v. +sb.+to do ) ask,want, wish(无hope), tell, order, warn, advise(suggest), allow(无agree), invite, permit, forbid, expect, beg, force, encourage, send, teach, train, remind, require (无demand), would like , would prefer等等。 Eg: I wish you to have a good trip. I would prefer you to stay for the di
9、nner.,Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾 语补足语,常用的动词有: make, let, have(get), see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to, observe help等. 但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式成为句子的 主语补足语,需带to.,使役动词的用法： 1.let sb./sth. do sth. 无被动 2.make sb. /sth.do sth. 使某人做某事，sb. be made to do make sb./sth. done 使某人被 3.have sb./sth. do sth.使某
10、人做某事(无被动) have sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人一直做（动作一直进行） have sb./sth. done 使某人被 或表示“遭遇不幸” 4.get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 get sb./sth. done使某人被,感官动词see, notice, hear, listen to, watch, feel, smell, find, observe等,+ sb./sth.+,do表示动作全过程 doing表动作正进行 done表示被动动作,I hear them sing a song. I hear them singing a song.
11、I hear a song sung. 注意：-ing 和 -ed 也可表状态，此时类似于adj.的作用 I find the match exciting. I find the students exctied.,现在分词做宾补,只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有： catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。 Eg: She caught her son smoking a cigarette. 她发现儿子正在吸烟。 His words started me thinking. 他的话让我陷入思考。,catch sb. doing
12、：抓住某人正在. mind sb. doing : 介意某人做某事 imagine sb. doing : 想象某人做某事 leave sb./sth. doing : 使得/留下某人. keep sb./sth. doing:使得某人. The policeman caught the thief stealing. He left the light burning. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 注意：leave/keep也可用done做宾补，表示状态或被动 He left the homework unfinished. We keep the
13、door closed.,过去分词做宾补,1. 使役动词get ,have ,make, keep，leave 等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表： “致使某人或某事被”,We should keep them informed of what is going on here.,Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.,需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况,2. 感官动词feel, find, hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。,I was sleeping when
14、I heard my name called.,He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.,3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, order, want, wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be ，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”,I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.,He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.,The father wants his daughter t
15、aught the piano.,解题要点： 首先要知道动词后是跟to do还是ing，ed, 或是原型。其次要知道他们做宾补的区别： to do 做宾补常表示要去做的动作。 -ing 做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作 -ed 做宾补常表示被动的动作。 v.原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官v.后） 此外，-ing 和-ed 做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时类似于adj. 最后根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合理的最佳选项。,几个特殊句式,1. with的复合结构,with +n.+,V-ing,P.P.V,to do,adj.,adv.,prep.,with 宾语过去分词”结构
16、中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。,The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）,With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）,With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）,注意：,在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（ fix ones eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixin
