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1、宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 I know him. I know who he is .主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句 宾语从句 宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：I know him. Do you have the time?I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me?宾语从句的概念：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词、形容词之后。 We know Mr G
2、reen teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句分类:根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类:1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.that 的省略：e.g. I guess (that) some
3、body else has borrowed it.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose
4、 handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us .Ask him whether
5、(if) he can come . I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?只用whether的情况：1. 在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：主语从句: Whether it is true remains a question. Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表语从句：The question is whether it is true. (为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。W
6、hether he will come I am not sure.） The question whether he will accept it confuses us.2. 用在动词不定式之前时(whether to do sth.) ：They asked me whether to go skating. I dont know whether to go there at once. 3.当与or not连用，或 or 提出两种选择时:I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my hom
7、ework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 在介词或discuss后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop.注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况1.引导条件状语从句 If he runs fast, hell get there on time. Ill go to see you if I have time.2.引导否定的宾语从句 T
8、ell me if it is not going to rain, please.if / whether用法巧记:两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。 下列情况用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。作为讨论介词宾, 此时if不可跟。 还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。练习：选择 if / whether。1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is wel
9、l. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.三、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? Who is over t
10、here？I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?注意：否定前移若主句谓语动词为think, guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：I think Tom can not swim. 正：I d
11、ont think Tom can swim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong, isnt he? He thinks he is right, doesnt he?(1)I dont think he is right,_? A.isnt he B.is he C.do I D.dont I(2). He believes she is right, _? A.doesnt he B.does he C.is she D.isnt she否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法：我认为
12、猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。I dont think this dress fits you well, does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？I dont believe you will finish the work today， will you? 我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？四、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomo
13、rrow .2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived there. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He said that he had seen the movie .3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to
14、do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.练习：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)宾语从句巧记法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。1. 时态问题时态问题
