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1、2015考研真题及解析（英语一）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the Unive
2、rsity of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6
3、)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends
4、but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13
5、)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.Th
6、e findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. A whe
7、n B why C how D what【答案】D what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不是指研究的时间(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为what。2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised【答案】B concluded【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为co
8、ncluded。3. A for B with C on D by【答案】C on【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表达。4. A compared B sought C separated D connected【答案】A compared【解析】该空格所在的句子是which 引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生
9、人进行比较。所以最佳答案为compared。5. A tests B objects Csamples D examples【答案】C samples【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类_。所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的samples(样例).因此，答案是samples。6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible【答案】A insignificant【解析】空的语境为：尽管这1%看起来似乎_，但是遗传
10、学家可不这么认为。空前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的，故答案为A。7. A visit B miss C seek D know【答案】D know【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不_他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些_我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项带入，只有D选项符合上下文语义。8. A resemble B influence C favor D surpass【答案】A resemble【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些_我们亲戚的
11、人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择A。9. A again B also C instead D thus【答案】B also【解析】空所在的句子开头用“The study”,显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有1%的基因关系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在进一步详细讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案为B。10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps【答案】D Perhaps【解析】从选项和文字中句子结构
12、可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显是矛盾的，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，故答案为D。11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike【答案】B to【解析】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级，可见是和前文形成比较关系，因此和上半句介词保持一致，用介词to。该句翻译：它(这种相似性)吸引我们到相同的环境，并且使我们更为相似。因此答案为to。12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit【答案】A drive【解析】该句意思为
13、：很多机制共同作用，从而_我们选择基因相似的朋友，_和_交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构_sb. in doing sth，B选项observe(观察，遵守)和C选项confuse(困惑)均无此用法。符合该结构只有A选项drive(驱使)和D选项limit(限制)。根据上下文可得知：这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友，符合文章主题。如果选限制则为反向干扰。因此答案为drive。13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with【答案】B rather than【解析】所填词为逻辑关系短语，空前
14、说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“实用关系”的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可锁定B选项rather than。A选项according to(根据)没有体现出对立及取舍关系，因此排除;C选项regardless of(不管)表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除;D选项along with(伴随)表顺接，故排除。故答案为rather than。14. A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits【答案】D benefits【解析】根据前文functional kinship(实用关系)可得出D选项ben
15、efits(利益)，前后形成呼应。A选项chances(机会)、B选项responses(反应)、C选项missions(使命)均不符合题意。故答案为benefits。15. A later Bslower C faster D earlier【答案】C faster【解析】该句为：evolving _ than other genes(比其他基因进化得_). 根据同词复现，我们找到该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人类进化在过去30000年间提速)。C 选项faster与下文picked pace(加速)形成呼应，故答案为faster。16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress
