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1、 第二讲 定语从句与倒装句一、复习：虚拟语气1) I wish _ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2) If only _ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4) Its high time that _ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5) Hugh usually talks _ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). 6)
2、 We insist that _ (让杰克立刻进医院).7) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _ (取消期中考试). 8) It is essential that _ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 9) _ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.10) I was to have made a speech _ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).11) _ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now
3、.12) If the doctor had not come in time, _ (他现在就不在人间了). 13) But for his help, _ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 14) Were I in your place, _ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 15) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). 二、语法讲解定语从句（Attributive clauses） 在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 构成: 先行
4、词 + 关系词 + 从句 1关系代词：1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。 例如： Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物） The lawyer whose
5、name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人） 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如： Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 2. 关系副词引导
6、的定语从句 when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如： I lik
7、e the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons. 从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分 试比较： I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. ( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （ 从句主谓宾结构
8、完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ） The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable. ( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) The reason why he didnt come to school yesterday is unbelievable. （ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ） 3. 关系代词that与which；that与who的一些特殊用法： 指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，
9、但以下几种情况下一般用that：1）先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时： Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? 注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如： There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”
10、 2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second, the last修饰时： This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时： The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 4) 先行词既有人又有物时： They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. 5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊
11、问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that： Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday? 只能用which 的两种情况 1) 非限制性定语从句,先行词为物 e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China. 2) 整句话当先行词 It rained a lot, which made a flood happened 只能用as, 不能用which, that
12、, who 的两种情况 1) 先行词被such, the same 修饰时 e.g. Ive never heard of such a terrible earthquake as you told me. You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支) You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支） 2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如所知道,所期望的一样” e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China, 当先行词是
13、anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that： Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here. Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who： He is no longer the man th
14、at he used to be. 4. 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.) We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof. (比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.) 定语从句中易犯的错误 1. 在定语从句中
