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1、 1 英美文学选读要点总结精心整理英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考只考26位作家位作家) 英国英国Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作 为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马
2、文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to q
3、uestion, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论 据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀 疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists. 托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonn
4、et into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学 习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which m
5、eter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气 概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式） ，组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾 画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christoph
6、er Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。 (III)William Shakespeare威廉威廉.莎士比亚莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, P
7、arts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Loves Labours Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧： 亨利六世 ， 理查三世 ， 泰托斯. 安东尼以及四部喜剧： 错误的戏剧 ， 维洛那二绅士 ， 驯悍记和爱的徒劳 。 18. In the second period, he wrote five hi
8、stories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧： 理查 三世 ，
9、约翰王 ， 亨利四世 ， 亨利五世以及六部喜剧仲夏夜之梦 ， 威尼斯商人 ， 无事生非 ， 皆大欢 喜 ， 第十二夜 ， 温莎的风流娘儿们 ，还有两部悲剧： 罗密欧与朱丽叶和裘利斯.凯撒 。 19. Shakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cress
10、ida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are Alls Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜 剧） ，悲剧有： 哈姆雷特 ， 奥赛罗 ， 李尔王 麦克白 安东尼与克利奥佩特拉 特罗伊勒斯与克利西达 及克里奥拉那斯 。两部喜剧是终成眷属和一报还一报 。 20. The last period of Shakespeares work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbelin
11、e, The Winters Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜 剧： 伯里克利 辛白林 冬天的故事与暴风雨 。他最后两部剧是亨利八世与鲁克里斯受辱记 。 21. Shakespeares sonnets are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成 果。 22. Shakespeares history plays are mainly w
12、ritten under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 2 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚
13、以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。 24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.莎翁在其成功的浪漫主义悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶 ，颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追求。 25. Shakespeares greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some ch
14、aracteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero.莎士比亚的四大悲剧是： 哈姆雷特 奥赛罗 李尔王 麦克白 26. “The Kings government must be carried on”but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“国王的统治一定要万古不变”-但是这种流传百世万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的， 而不是只为国王自己 服务。 27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the s
15、ocial problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his dream.正因如此，他才无力寻求到医治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙药，最后，他作为人文 主义所能做的唯一事情便是逃避现实，从梦幻中找安慰。 28. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and
16、 reality.他认 为文学应该是真善美的结合，应该反映天性与现实。 29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time.古往今来， 没有一个作家能与莎士比亚媲美， 他对 后世文学家的潜移默化也是无可估量的。 30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language.在他之后几乎所有的英国文学家都在艺术观点，文学形式及语言技巧方面受到他的影响。 31. Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets writt
