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1、INPUT AND OUTPUT（输入与输出）INPUT（输入）Input is any data or instructions used by a com-puter. Input devices translate words, images, and actions into a form a computer can process.译文：输入是用于计算机的任何数据或指令。输入设备翻译单词、图像和动作到计算机能处理的形式。Keyboards（键盘）Keyboards are the most common way to input data. The most common type
2、s are译文：键盘是最常见的输入数据的方法。最常见的键盘类型有 Traditional-full-sized, rigid, rectangular.译文：传统的完整规模、坚硬的、矩形的 Flexible-roll up for easy packing.译文：灵活的卷起，便于打包。 Ergonomic-designed to minimize wrist strain.译文：人体工学的设计于减少手腕压力。 Wireless-no wire provides greater flexibility.译文：无线的没有导线提供了更大灵活性。 PDA-miniature keyboards for
3、 PDAs.译文：个人数字助理迷你键盘的掌上电脑。Features include numeric keypads, toggle keys, and combination keys.译文：性能包括数字小键盘、切换键和组合键。Pointing Devices（指点设备）Pointing devices accept pointing gestures and convert them to machine-readable input.译文：指点设备接受指点手势和将其转换成机器可读的输入。 Mouse controls a mouse pointer. A wheel button rota
4、tes to scroll through information. Three basic mouse designs are mechanical, optical, and cordless (wireless). Similar de-vices include trackball (roller ball), touch pad, and pointing stick.译文：鼠标控制鼠标指针。一个滚轮按钮旋转滚动信息。 Joysticks are popular for computer games. Operations are controlled by varying pres
5、-sure, speed, and direction.译文：摇杆是流行的电脑游戏。操作是通过改变压力、速度和方向控制。 Touch screens have a clear plastic layer over crisscrossed invisible beams. Operations are controlled by finger touching the screen.译文：触摸屏有一个透明塑胶层，纵横交错看不见的光束。操作是通过手指触摸屏幕控制。 Light pens are light-sensitive penlike devices. Operations are con
6、trolled by placing light pen against monitor.译文：光笔是光敏的钢笔形状的设备。操作是通过将光笔对着监视器进行控制。 Stylus is a penlike device used with tablet PCs and PDAs. Handwriting recognition software translates handwritten notes.译文：手写笔是一种平板电脑和掌上电脑使用的钢笔形状的设备。手写识别软件翻译手写的笔记。Scanners（扫描仪）Scanners move across text and graphics. Sca
7、n-ning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that can be processed by the system unit.译文：扫描仪跨越文本和图形。扫描设备将扫描的文本和图像转换成一种主机可以处理的形式。 Optical scanners record light, dark, and col-ored areas of scanned text or images. There are two types: flatbed and portable.译文：光学扫描仪记录光,暗,彩色扫描文本或图像的区域。有两种类型
8、：平板的和便于携式的。Card readers interpret encoded information. Two types: magnetic (reads magnetic strip) and radio frequency (reads RFID micro-chip) card readers.译文：读卡器解释编码信息。两种类型：有磁性的（读磁条）和无线电频率（读取无线射频识别芯片）读卡器。 Bar code readers are used with electronic cash registers in supermarkets. Wand readers or platf
9、orm scanners read UPC codes that are used to determine product descriptions and prices and to update inventory levels.译文：在超市，条形码扫描器与电子收款机一起使用。条形码读入器或平台扫描仪读商品条形码编号，用于确定产品描述和价格及更新库存量。 Character and mark recognition devices rec-ognize special characters and marks. Three types: MICR (read by readers/ so
10、rters), OCR, and OMR.译文：字符和标记识别设备识别特殊的字符和标记。三种类型：磁墨水字符识别（通过读者/分类机读取） 、光学字符识别和光标阅读机。Image Capturing Devices（图像采集设备）Image capturing devices create or capture origin-nail images. These devices include digital cam-eras (images downloaded to system unit for further processing and/ or printing) and digita
11、l video cameras (Webcams capture and send im-ages over the Internet).译文：图像采集设备创造或捕捉原始图像。这些设备包括数码照相机（图像下载到主机进行进一步的处理或打印）及数码摄像机（网络摄影机捕捉和发送图像通过互联网） 。Audio-Input Devices（音频输入设备）Audio-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the system unit. Audio input takes many forms including
12、 the human voice and music. Voice recognition systems use a combination of a microphone, a sound card, and special software.译文：音频输入设备将声音转换成一种主机可以处理的形式。音频输入需要许多形式包括人声和音乐。语音识别系统使用结合使用一个麦克风、一块声卡和特殊的软件。To be a competent end user, you need to be aware of the most commonly used input and output devices. T
13、hese devices are translators for information into and out of the system unit. Input devices translate words, sounds, and actions into symbols the system unit can process. Output devices translate symbols from the system unit into words, images, and sounds that people can understand.译文：要想成为有竞争的最终用户，你
14、需要知道最常用的输入和输出设备。这些设备是翻译的信息流入和流出的系统单元。输入设备翻译单词、声音和动作成主机可以处理的符号。输出设备从主机里的符号翻译成人可以理解的单词、图像和声音。OUTPUT（输出）Output is data or information processed by a computer. Output devices translate processed text, graphics, audio, and video into a form hu-mans can understand.译文：输出设备是通过计算机处理的数据或信息。输出设备翻译处理过的文本、图形、音频和
15、视频成一种人可以理解的形式。Monitors（监视器）Monitors (display screens) present visual im-ages of text and graphics. Monitor output is de-scribed as soft copy.译文：文本和图形的监视器（显示屏幕）目前视觉影像。监视器输出是被描述为软拷贝。Clarity is a function of several monitor fea-tures including resolution (expressed as matrix of pixels or picture elemen
16、ts), dot (pixel) pitch, refresh rate, and size.译文：透明是多个监视器的功能，性能包括分辨率（表示为矩阵的像素或图片元素） 、点（像素）的间距、刷新率和尺寸。 Cathode-ray tubes(CRTs) use technology similar to a television. Low cost with excel-lent resolution. However, bulky and occupy considerable space on the desktop.译文：阴极射线管（CRTs）使用类似的技术的电视机。低成本极好的分辨率。但是，在桌面上笨重且占用相当大的空间。 Flat-panel monitors compared to CRTs are thinner and require less power. Most are LCD (liquid crystal display). Two type
