四级阅读理解突破.doc

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1、1 如何提高阅读速度,增加阅读题的答对率? 做阅读理解题的主要障碍之一是文章长、句子复杂、问题难,因此分配的时间往往不够用,在规定的时间里读不完文章,做不完题目。根据考试大纲,CET-4阅读部分的文章为4篇,总词数约为1000词,问答题为20题,总词数值为800词,分配的时间为35分。根据这一要求,考试每分钟只要阅读52词,这似乎并不难,但做阅读理解题不仅要读,了解文章的大意,更重要的读了以后还要理解思考,还要辨别是非,概括判断。因此,第一,掌握阅读方法,加强训练自己的阅读习惯与方法。平时训练阅读时不能一词一词地阅读,更不能张着嘴巴一词一词的朗读,而要根据意群,注意句子、段落的大意来理解。第二

2、,了解文章的体裁,掌握各类体裁文章的主要组织框架,也就是说,每类体裁文章的主题是如何展开的,这有利于我们提高阅读速度;如议论文,一般先把论点摆出来,然后通过举例、比较等来论证主题;如记叙文,着重论述的是过程,主题是通过论叙的事或过程来突出的。第三,扩大知识面。一般来说,对自己熟悉的话题,阅读起来速度较快,且理解较透彻,而对自己不太熟悉的话题,即使文章中没有单词、难句,也很难理解,这就要求我们平时涉及各方面的知识,文科学生多读一些自然科学方面的文章,而理工科学生多了解一点人文哲学方面的文章,知识面拓宽了,阅读速度、理解率就能得到保障。第四,熟悉各类题型的特点。一般来说,用what, how, w

3、hen, where, why, who, not true/not mentioned等形式来提问的,往往在检测我们辨别信息的能力,也就是辨别文章中主要信息与次要信息的能力,这就要求我们重点理解文章中主要的、具体的细节;而问题涉及到主题思想、最佳标题、作者的观点、文章的写作框架、文章的主要来源等问题,往往在检测我们的概括、归纳能力,这就要求我们从语篇高度去理解文章;而问题中提到infer, imply等词时,往往检测我们的推理能力,这就要求我们不仅要理解文章中相关信息的表面意思,更要理解这些表层信息中隐含着的深层意思。了解这些题型的特点,有助于我们有的放矢,提高阅读速度与理解率。在考试期间,

4、考生做阅读理解主要是为了获取有关信息,是为了解答问题,因此阅读文章时没有必要把文中的每一个单词、每一句话、每一个细节都搞清楚,而只要找到与问题有关的信息加以理解,必要时再理解上下文的关联信息。对无关的、没有要求了解的信息可置之不理,这样可省下许多时间,多读几遍与问题相关的信息,从而提高解答问题的答对率。再者,如果考试期间在35分钟时间里还没有读完文章或做完题目,可适当地占有其它部分的答题时间,如词汇、结构、完形填空等,因为就分值而言,阅读理解做对一题得2分,而花同样的时间,做对一题词汇、结构、完形填空题才0.5分,因此,仅仅从通过考试拿分的实用角度来考虑,多花一点时间在阅读理解上,也是必要的。

5、2 正确选择项有何特点文章理解了,要从每一个问题的四个选择中选出正确答案并不容易,因为正确选择项不仅混在三个很相似,且相关的干扰项中,而且其表现形式多种多样,它不可能是原文中相同的词、相同的结构,甚至是相同的语义关系,其语言表达形式相差很大。因此,了解和掌握正确选择项的特点,以及它与文章相关句的语义关系,对于我们快速、有效地确定正确答案是大有裨益的。一般来说,正确选择项与原文中的信息主要有以下几种相关性:1) 正确选择项是原文中相关信息的同义关系如1999年6月CET-4中的第1篇文章:例1The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may

6、not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are

7、pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during critical stages of flight, particularly

8、take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to en

9、force a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication

10、. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigati

11、on equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.22. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?A. They may have taken place during take-off and landing.B. They may have been caused by th

12、e damage to the radio systems.C. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.D. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.24. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?A. Because

13、experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.B. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.C. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.D. Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.文章中

14、的第22题,正确选择项(C)中的have resulted from与原文中的have been caused为同义短语。又如24题正确选择项(D)中的produce与原文because they have not been able to Reproduce these effects in a laboratory句中的 reproduce为同义关系。2) 正确选择项是原文中相关信息的反义关系如1995年6月CET-4中的第4篇(参见3、概括性推理 实例剖析 Passage 1)中的第40题:例2 40. It can be concluded from Dr. Duboss remark

15、s that _.A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatalC. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cureD. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides正确选择项(D)中的overlook正好与原文中的impressed形成反义关系,hidden dangers 与原文中的obvious signs同样形成反义关系,即: 人们对有明显症状的病最关心,反过来说,他们对杀虫剂造成的潜在危害往往忽视了。3) 正确选择项是原文中生词的解释关系正确选择项是对原文中出现的某个不太熟悉的词的解释。如1999年6月CET-4中的第2篇中的第28题:(参见词汇词义辨别题中的文章) 例328. The word “provincial” (Line 2, Para.3) most probably means “_”.A. limited in outlookB. like people from the provincesC. r

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