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1、动名词（Gerund）动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。一、动名词保留着动词的特征， 有时态和语态的变化。其时态语态形式如下： 语态形式时态形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语1、作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。S
2、moking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把
3、它复制三份需要时间。 Its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 Its no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。2、作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义
4、。例如： swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 working people 劳动人民3、作表语 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading
5、 is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。 注意：动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如：The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的
6、工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。4、作宾语。动名词既可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。例如：He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. 在下列动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，de
7、ny, dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁）等。下列动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try 。例如：Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go o
8、n to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train
9、means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The windo
10、w needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down t
11、o等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to
12、 cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。2，练习题、单项选择：1. No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laugh C. being laughedD. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3. T
13、hey insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5. His room needs _, so he
14、must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6. After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7. The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8. Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10
