《关系代词引导的定语从句总结.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《关系代词引导的定语从句总结.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 （1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （2）Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 （1）Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 （2）The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3
2、.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 （1） Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) （2） This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 （1）The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) （2）W
3、here is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 （1）he has a friend whose father is a doctor. （2）I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 （3）the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. （4）the classroom the door of which is b
4、roken will soon be repaired. （5）do you like the book whose cover is yellow? （6）do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 二、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 （1）the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. （2）the school in which he once studied is very famous. （3）tomorrow i will b
5、ring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. （4）tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. （5）well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. （6）well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, loo
6、k after, take care of等 (1)（1） this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (turth) （2） this is the watch for which i am looking. (false)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that； （1） the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t) （2） the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (
7、f) （3） the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t) （4） the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 （1） he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. （2） in the basket the
8、re are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. （3） there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如： In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she cou
9、ld turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析：（1）Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartis
10、t.（2）MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.（3）Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.（Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）注：A指人时有时只用who不宜用that。1先行词为one、ones或anyone（1）ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.（2）Anyo
11、newhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2先行词为these时ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.3在therebe开头的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.5在非限制性定语从句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadj
12、ustcomefromJapan.B主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。二指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析：1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(
13、=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)注：A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/wh
14、omtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPingsson.C指物时，下列情况下只能用that，不宜用which。（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
