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1、虚拟语气（2）1、wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish和hopewish表示“愿望”,而hope表示“希望”。wish后描述的是人们美好的愿望，很有可能是不能实现的，所以wish就要用虚拟语气，而其虚拟语气是通过宾语从句的谓语动词的变化实现的。wish现在时did（be动词用were）希望“同步”发生某事过去时had + done希望“之前”发生某事将来时could would 希望“之后”发生某事(1) I wish I were ten years younger. 我希望我能够年轻十岁。 I wish I knew how to drive a car. 真希望我会开车。(2) I
2、 wish I had gone to the football match last night. 我希望昨晚我去看足球比赛了。（注意：last night表明用had gone）(3) He wishes you would go and visit him. 他希望你会来看他。 I wish the boys could be quiet. 我希望男孩们能保持安静。注意：从句谓语动词的变化不受wish的时态的影响，无论wish还是wished，我们只需判断从句谓语动作是和wish同步发生，还是在wish前，还是在wish后发生的，就可以了。不要受前面这个词的变形影响。试一试：1) I w
3、ish I _a bird. (be)2) I wish/wished I _ (not eat) so much watermelon. 3) The party was terrible, I wish I _ (never go) to it.4) I wish it _ (rain) tomorrow.答案与解析：1) were。现在的愿望，即与wish同步的愿望，用were。不用was。2) hadnt eaten。说话人吃西瓜吃得肚子都大了，所以一定希望以前没有吃这么多西瓜，用hadnt eaten。3) had never gone。从前句“晚会太糟糕了”可知，已经去过晚会了，是
4、希望以前没去参加，所以用had never gone。注意never是副词，一般放在助动词后，一般动词前。4) would rain。希望明天下雨，用would rain。 2、“suggest”类的宾语从句的虚拟语气“suggest”类的宾语从句中谓语用(should)+动词原形。我们没有学虚拟语气时，老师经常告诉我们suggest作“建议”讲时，从句谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”。现在我们知道还有一些词也有这种用法，这些词都表示主观的想法、看法、建议、命令、请求等等，因为是主观给别人的一些建议，所以你不能保证别人按你说的去做，因此属于虚拟的范围。这些词包括：一个坚持：insist两
5、个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose五个要求：demand, require, request, desire, ask （注意：少recommend）例如：He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他命令学生们每周自己洗衣服。The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.医生建议她立刻手术。（should省略后，she后会紧接着ha
6、ve，这是正确的）注意：suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”，而suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“坚持认为、坚持已发生或存在的事实”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on Mothers face suggests that she agrees with us. 妈妈脸上的微笑表明她同意我们的想法。Jack insisted that he hadnt broken the window. 杰克坚持说他没有打破窗户。拓展：“suggest”类动词的名词形式的表语从句和同位语从句，及其过去分词对应的主语从句也用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形
7、式也是“（should）+do”结构。My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week. （表语从句）我的要求是她应该一周来看我一次。All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down. （同位语从句）我们所有人都赞成这家化工厂被关闭的建议。I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week（同位语从句） 我提议我们应该下周开个会。Its suggested
8、 that the plan (should) be carried out. (主语从句)有人建议执行这个计划。Its advised that one (should) take plenty of boiled water. (主语从句)有人建议每个人都应多喝开水。巩固练习. 翻译下列句子。1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 _2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 _3. 我希望我昨晚看这部电影了。 _4. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 _5. 好像是春天了，但是才一月份。_6. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 _7. 他坚决要求我到场。 _8. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他
9、说什么呢？ _9. 我们希望我们的父母不会惩罚我们。 _10. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。_ . 用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。1. If I _ (be) Tom, I would not do such a thing.2. If I _ (know) her well, I would tell you about her.3. I wish I _ (be) ten years younger now.4. I wish I _ (meet) him yesterday, but I was too busy yesterday.5. I wish I _ (can be)
10、 a scientist in the future.6. The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I _ (not go) to it.7. What _ you _ (do) if you _ (win) the lottery?8. If I should go abroad, I _ (go) to America.9. The teacher advised that we _ good use of every minute here.10. His excited expression suggested that he_
11、 (succeed) in this exam. 单项选择。1. If I _ plan to do anything I want to, I would go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to2. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let you know. A. should call B. should have called C. has called D. call3. Janes face suggest
12、ed that she_ ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has4. How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had5. The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. a
13、s though B. even if C. as D. since6. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 7. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested8. Robert wishes that he _ business ins
