《商务英语翻译(英译汉)第四讲》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《商务英语翻译(英译汉)第四讲（38页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Amplification & Pruning 增词与减词法, 增词法 1) 增补同义词 2) 增补范畴词 3) 增补产品名称 4) 增补动词 5) 为语法需要 6) 复数翻译法, 减词法,（一）增补同义词,增词法,英语有一词多义的特点，同一个词可以同时与若干个词进行搭配，相互修饰、制约，语言仍自然流畅。 汉语在词的搭配方面相对严谨，同一个词通常不能同时与多个词搭配。 根据汉语词的搭配习惯和英语词汇的一词多义的特点，我们应采用增补同义词的技巧，这样才能使译文既准确达意，又照顾到汉语的语言习惯。,1. The innovation of products is one of the reform
2、 measures of the SOEs because it can decrease loss, cost and budget.,2. Both the buyer and the seller are busy at negotiations of business, contract and draft.,产品革新是国企改革措施之一，因为它可以减少损失、降低成本和缩减预算。,买卖双方正忙于交易磋商，合约谈判和汇票议付。,3. High morale contributes to high levels of productivity, high returns to stakeho
3、lders, and employee loyalty.,员工士气高会提高生产力水平、增加股东收益，并增强其忠诚度。,He must loiter about country churches, attend wakes（守丧） and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with the people in all their conditions, and all their habits and humours. (p35) 他们一定要在教堂里消磨一下时光，参加纪念守护神节日的活动，逛逛集市，与村民同庆他们的节日，和身世各异的人打交道，并了
4、解他们的习惯和性情。,（二）增补范畴词,直译：市场对商品需求的变化受内因和外因影响。 添加范畴词修饰相应的抽象名词changes和 factors，则两个词会更加具体、明确。,增词法,在英译汉过程中考虑到汉语的表达习惯，经常增加的范畴词有：方法、措施、情况、情绪、状态、现象、方面、问题、关系、工作等。例如： The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors.,商品市场需求的变化情况受内因和外因两方面因素影响。,1. The
5、 tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention.,中东的紧张局势已引起了广泛关注。,4. Unless these issues are addressed as a matter of urgency, the consequent de-motivation of staff will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the performance of the company.,除非这些问题作为当务之急得到及时解决，否则员工中随之出现的消极怠工情绪无疑将对公司的整个运营业绩产生负
6、面影响。,2. The temperature needed for this processing is not high.,这种加工方法需要的温度不是很高。,3. For many years, there has been serious unemployment in this city.,多年来该城市一直有严重的失业现象。,5. Not to educate him (the child) is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance. (p36),如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话， 那就要使儿童沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。,混乱局面 饱和状态 废物回
7、收利用 准备工作 管理部门 多余信息（人员） 补救措施 解决方案 修改方案 有利地位 落后状态,.,confusion saturation recycling preparation management redundancy remedies solution modification advantage backwardness,5辆丰田牌汽车，20台日立牌电视机和30台施乐牌复印机早已备妥待运，但因你方信用证延迟到达，货物不能按期装运。,原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都为世界知名品牌，在翻译时要按汉语的习惯用法把他们的产品名称补充完整，才能使译文具体明了。,（三）增补产
8、品名称,增词法,对于英文中缺失的产品名称，翻译时有时要根据具体情况增补出来。如： The five Toyota, twenty Hitachi and thirty Xerox have long been ready for shipment, but shipment cannot be effected because of the late arrival of your L/C.,comfort 和 luxury 都是抽象名词，但在构成复数后，词义就具体化了。,社会为竞争法则付出的代价，犹如它为便宜的舒适家用商品和高档消费品的代价一样巨大。,The price which soci
9、ety pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great.,我干工作，我做家务，我有朋友往来，这些足够占去了我的全部时间,原文中my work, my family, my friends ，在翻译时要按汉语的习惯用法增加了动词干，做，往来，才能使译文具体明了。,（四）增加动词,增词法,英语喜用名词形式，汉语喜用动词形式。因此在翻译的时要根据需要增加动词。如： My work, my family, my friends were more
10、 than enough to fill my time. (p35),要在我们这个共和国里当一个好公民，第一必要的条件是他能够而且愿意尽职尽责。,增词法,The first requisite of a good citizen in this Republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull her weight. (p35),英语目前的情况很好，他正按照它那不易为人发现的方式在起着变化，而不是像一只树上掉下来的李子那样在逐渐腐烂。,（五）为了语法上的需要而增词,增词法,英语的时态是通过动词体现出来的，而在汉语中，动
11、词是无法体现时态的，汉语中往往通过增加虚词来体现动词的时态。如： The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own indiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. (p 33),就是在一次这样的场合，我遇到了卡特赖特一家。当时我住在警察局长盖兹家里。那天我在台球室里坐着，盖兹进来问我想不想打桥牌，他们三缺一。,It was on one of these occasions that I met
12、 the Cartwrights. I was staying with a man named Gaze who was head of the police and he came into the billiard room, where I was sitting, and asked me if I would make up a four at a bridge table. (p33),不同的国家使用不同的经济来源；不同的人拥有不同的技能。,（六）英语名词复数的翻译方法,增词法,由于汉语名词没有形式手段表示其单复数的区分，因此英语名词的复数在汉译时往往通过增词的方式体现出来。如：
13、 1. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills.(p38),2. Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause. (p39),货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。,4. Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record performanc
14、e of stock markets, which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices.,导致合并不断增加的另一个因素是股票市场的空前繁荣。股票市场的空前繁荣使得各家公司可以依赖其上涨的股票价格去资助各种大规模的购进。,3. They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings. (
15、p39),他们乘坐一辆黑色高级轿车，经过一丛丛的白桦树和看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住宅。,5.The United States systems work by means of a series of closely tabulated favors and obligations carefully doled out where they will do the most good.,美国的种种体制是在一系列安排周密的恩惠和义务的基础上来运行的，而且施予恩惠和承担义务都必须以获取最大的利益为前提。,减词法,减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中
16、保留下来反而使行文累赘啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。 与英语相比较，汉语中代词（尤其是人称代词）和连词（尤其是并列连词“和”）使用的很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现。 此外冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词还有系动词都可以省略。,1. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.,冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。 （省略冠词）,2. When demands get low, prices may become low.,需求降低，价格就可能降低。 （省略系动词）,3. Smoking is not allowed in the warehouse.,仓库重地，不准吸烟。 （省略介词）,5. The products should
