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1、Scientific Paper Writing,Part I Analysis of Grammatical and Stylistic Errors,,I. Comma Splice (逗号叠加),False： （1）Technology never exists in vacuum, it is embodied in products, processes, and people. （2）Stevensons romances are entertaining, they are full of exciting adventures.,,Correct: (1) vacuum; it
2、 is (2) entertaining, for they are Tips: Comma can not be used between two complete sentences. If the contents of the two sentences are connected, we may use semicolon“;” Or we use linking words.,,II. Choppy Style(文体紊乱),Sample 1: First draft: We have established a communications Systems (CS) Plannin
3、g Team (1). This team includes user representatives from each of the 12 departments in the Forever-Seal Division（2）.We hold regular meetings to assess state-of-the-art-communications equipment (3).,,We discuss how new products are being used by other companies (4). At these meetings, The user repres
4、entatives describe their other future needs (5). They also work out their requirements for the new communication network （6）.,,Correct one: We have established a communications Systems (CS) Planning Team which includes division. We hold regular meetings to assess state-of-the-art communications equi
5、pment and to discuss how new products. At these meetings, the user representatives describe their other future needs and work out their requirements for the new communication network.,,Exercise: Electric cars must be able to meet the same safety standards that gasoline cars must meet as set up by th
6、e Department of Transportation. These standards are derived from an established crash test. In the crash test, the car is propelled against a solid wall at 30 mph. The data obtained from the crash test,,are analyzed for fuel spillage, fuel system integrity, windshield retention(挡风玻璃残留), and zone int
7、rusion. Sample 2: The proposed system is required to alleviate(减轻) the increase in demand by using the microcomputer as a stand-alone entry system with all the necessary graphics and software capabilities to remove the burden of,,Data entry from the present system CADDS. Analysis: This is a long ine
8、xplicable sentence. Topic sentence:要求拟建的系统能缓和不得不增加的信息量。 Development：1.方法：去除现有系统CADDS的数据入口负担而达到要求。2. 设备：把微机作为独立入口系统来,,完成。这种微机具有为完成这概念所要求的所有图表以及软件能力。 修改方法： Use both long and short sentences To explain the topic by the way of general-to-specific Use cohesive devices to link two related sentences,,Corre
9、ct one:,The proposed system is required to alleviate the increase in demand. The system will do that by removing the burden of data entry from the present system CADDS. This is accomplished by using the microcomputer as a stand-alone entry system. The microcomputer has all the graphics and software
10、capabilities required to implement this concept.,,III. Excessive Use of the Passive Voice,Rules to follow: 1. Make the action-executor clearly known e.g. Now that the method has been modified, it is used to analyze the chemical heat pump dryer.(作者修改了这个方案，将它用在化学热泵干燥器中。) （Correct）Now that we have modi
11、fied the method, we can use it to ,,2. The contents of sentence in passive should be consistent with the fact. e.g. （1）In industry metals are often used in the form of alloys. （） （2）From these data it is seen that remote batch processing can provide batch processing at remote locations.(远程成批程序能够把成批处
12、理发送到较远的位置。) （ ）,,Analysis of (2): “It is believed”, “it is seen” and alike usually means facts accepted by most of the people. Not everyone saw the data mentioned in sentence (2) Correct: From these data it can be seen that remote batch processing can provide batch processing at remote locations.,,3
13、. Avoid Excessive use of the passive voice. Excessive use of passive verbs creates scientific writing that is cumbersome(麻烦的,苯重的) and indigestible to read. No more than passive sentences in a paper. With good mixture with active voice may retains the necessary clarity of meaning and propriety of ton
14、e for scientific papers.,,IV. Ambiguous Reference(指代含混),When you use pron. or modifier, to be sure that these words can replace the previous nouns. e.g. (First draft） Ground loops associated with coaxial kuksl cables(同轴电缆) are totally eliminated with fiber optic cables. Because they are dielectric(绝
15、缘体的), they do not attract lightning. Nor do they act as antennas.,,Analysis: “they” used above may refer to “fiber optic cables”, or to “ground loops ” (Correct) Ground loops associated with coaxial cables are totally eliminated with fiber optic cables. Because they are dielectric, fiber optic cables do not attract lightning. Nor do they act as antennas.(和同轴电缆相连接的接地线圈完全被光纤电缆所代替。因为光纤电缆是电介质，它不会被闪电电击，也不起天线的作用。),,V. Misuse of the linking words,Errors occurred usually: misuse “after all”. e.g. After all(毕竟), we come to the conclusion that use “but” and “although” in th
