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3、在中国文学史上，有很多系统而全面地阐述教育教学的优秀文章，如劝学师说等。今天我们要学习儒家的论礼丛书礼记中的学记礼运篇。我们今天学的内容是从全文中节选出的。,礼记是十三经之一，与周礼仪礼全称为三礼。儒家经典著作之一。 礼记全书用记叙文的形式写成，一些篇章具有相当高的文学价值。有的用短小的生动故事表明某一道理，有的气势磅礴、结构谨严，有的言简意赅、意味隽永，有的擅长心理描写和刻画，书中还收有大量富有哲理的格言、警句，精辟而深刻。,虽有嘉肴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
4、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本文选自礼记学记。题目是编者加的。学记是礼记中的一篇，是中国教育史上，也是世界教育史上第一部教育学的论著。文字言简意赅，喻辞生动，系统而全面地阐明了教育的目的
6、及作用，教育和教学的制度、原则和方法，教师的地位和作用，教育过程中的师生关系以及同学之间的关系。课文主要是谈关于“教学相长”的道理的。,嘉肴（ ） 弗食（ ） 自强（ ） 教学相长（ ） 兑命（ ） 学（ ）学（ ）半,yo,qin,yu,xio,f,zhn,xu,朗读课文,虽有/嘉肴，弗食，不知/其旨也； 虽有/至道，弗学，不知/其善也。 是故/学/然后知不足，教/然后知困。 知不足，然后/能自反也； 知困，然后/能自强也。 故曰：教学/相长也。 兑命曰：“学/学半。” 其/此之谓乎？,虽有嘉肴,翻译课文,虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也； 虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。 是故学然后知不足，教然后知
7、困。,肴：用鱼肉做的菜。,旨：味美。,虽：即使。,至道：最好的道理。,善：好处。,嘉：好，美。,是故：所以，因此。,困：困惑。,知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也。 故曰：教学相长也。兑命曰：“学学半。 ” 其 此之谓乎？,自反：自我反思。,自强：自我勉励。,教学相长：教与学是互相推动、互相促进的。长，促进。,学：同“敩”（），教导。,其：表示推测语气。大概，恐怕。,译文,即使有美味的菜，不去品尝，就不知道它味道的甘美；即使有最好的道理，不去学习，就不知道它的好处。所以，学习之后才知道自己的不足，教人之后才知道自己有不懂的地方。知道了自己的不足，然后就能自我反思；知道了自己困惑的地方，这
8、样以后才能勉励自己。所以说：教与学是互相推动，互相促进的。尚书兑命说：“教别人，占自己学习的一半。”这话说的就是这个道理吧！,合作探究,1、这篇短文告诉了我们一个什么样的道理？ 你同意这个观点吗？,教学相长。人学习之后就会知道不足，知道了不足之处，才能反省自己，提高自己；教人之后才能知道自己有理解不了的地方，这样才会自我勉励，不断提高。教和学是相互促进，相辅相成的。,2、文章开头写“虽有嘉肴”有何作用？,从“嘉肴”写起，是为了由“嘉肴”、“至道” 引出下文对教与学关系的论述，有“嘉肴”、“至道”作类比，教与学的关系就浅显易懂了，这种说理的方法叫做“类比推理”。,虽有嘉肴,比喻论证学习的重要性,
9、道理论证教学相长,引用论证强调教学相长,教和学 相辅相成,1.虽有嘉肴一文主要论述了什么道理？作者是怎么论述的？,本文主要论述了教学相长的道理。本文在论述时先以“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也”作比引出“虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”进而又从教与学两个方面加以说明，最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
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11、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.怎样看待“教学相长”的道理？,本文论述了教与学的关系问题，说明了教和学是相辅相成的，是互相促进的道理。,拓展延伸,结合自身的学习经验，请谈谈“教学相长”的道理给了你怎样的启示？,参考： 1、学是第一位的，不学，则无法获得知识，也无法知道自己的不足，也就没有完善自己的机会。 2、“教学相长”还意味着学习
12、中的互动和交流。有时候，可以采用教的方式学习。比如尝试把自己的理解讲给同桌听，看看他的反应。如果他能明白，可能表明你确实理解透彻了；如果他仍有疑惑，可能表明你懂得理解中存在漏洞或缺陷，这时就可以“知困”而“自强”。,1.运用类比手法。,文章开头运用类比手法，以“即使有美味佳肴，不去品尝，就不知道它的味道鲜美”类比“即使有最好的道理，不去学习，就不知道它的益处”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
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14、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.逻辑严密，有条有理。,文中开头先讲学习的重要性，接着讲到教与学的关系，最后提出教学相长的结论，逻辑严密，有条有理。,通假字,兑命曰 （同“说”，指的是殷商时的贤相傅说）,yu,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
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16、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,古今异义,1.虽有嘉肴 （古义：即使 今义：虽然） 2.不知其旨也 （古义：味美 今义：主旨） 3.教然后知困 （古义：困惑 今义：穷苦，艰难）,4.然后能自强也 （古义：竭力，尽力 今义：健壮的，有力的） 5.教学相长也 （古义：促进，提高 今义：增长）,一词多义,学学半（
