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1、关雎五种译文之对比分析古诗词英译对比评析：关雎（ju)关雎五种译文之对比分析 中国是一个诗词大国，悠久的历史孕育了灿烂的文化。几千年漫长的历史上曾出现过多次文学高峰，有先秦诸子散文、唐诗、宋词、元曲和明清小说，涌现出不少优秀作品。诗经是中国第一部诗歌总集。任何人提及中国文学，特别是诗家谈诗，必论诗经；译家译诗，亦往往以翻译诗经而骄傲。关雎是诗经的第一首，我们的古诗词译文评析就从关雎开始。先看关雎原文：关 雎关关雎鸠 在河之洲；窈窕淑女 君子好逑参差荇菜 左右流之；窈窕淑女 寤寐求之求之不得 寤寐思服；优哉游哉 辗转反侧参差荇菜 左右采之；窈窕淑女 琴瑟友之参差荇菜 左右芼之；窈窕淑女 钟鼓乐之
2、国内外有很多汉学家和翻译家对诗经关雎进行了英译，如汪榕培、许渊冲、杨宪益夫妇及Burton Watson、James Legge、Arthur Waley等。在翻译中，译者不仅要在一定程度上忠实于原诗精神，而且还要在诗译中体现原文音、形、意等语言学审美特征，再现原语的文化审美特征以及原文美学思想。选取Legge、Waley、 Bynner、杨宪益夫妇、辜正坤译文一： Ode (Kwan tseu) Tr. LeggeKwan kwan go the ospreys.On the islet in the river,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young
3、lady: For our prince a good mate she.Here long, there short, is the duckweed,To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: Waking and sleeping, he sought her.He sought her and found her not,And waking and sleeping he thought about her.Long he thou
4、ght; oh! Long and anxiously;On his side, on his back, he turned ,and back again.Here long, there short, is the duckweed；On the left, on the right, we gather it,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.Here long, there short, is the du
5、ckweed；On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.译文二： Song Tr. Arthur Waley “Fair, fair”, cry the ospreysOn the island in the river.Lively is this noble lady,Fit bride for our lord.In patches gro
6、ws the water mallow;To left and right one must seek it.Shy was this noble lady;Day and night he sought her.Sought her and could not get her;Day and night he grieved.Long thoughts, oh, long unhappy thoughts,Now on his back, now tossing on to his side.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and righ
7、t one must gather it.Shy is this noble lady;With great zither and little we hearten her.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must choose it.Shy is this noble lady;With gongs and drums we will gladden her.译文三： The Pure-Hearted Girl Tr. Witter BynnerOn the river-islandThe ospreys ar
8、e echoing usWhere is the pure-hearted girlTo be our princess?Long lotus, short lotus,Leaning with the current,Turns like our prince in his questFor the pure-hearted girl.He has sought and not found her,Awake, he has thought of her,Asleep, he has dreamed of her,Dreamed and tossed in his sleep.Long lo
9、tus, short lotus,Pluck it to left and right,And make ready with lutes and with harpsFor the pure-hearted girl.Long lotus, short lotus,Cook it for a welcome,And be ready with bells and with drumsFor the pure-hearted girl.译文四： Crying Ospreys Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys YangMerrily the ospreys cry,On the
10、islet in the stream.Gentle and graceful is the girl,A fit wife for the gentleman.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may pluck them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Awake he longs for her and in his dreams.Filled with sorrowful thoughts,He tosses about unable to sleep.Short an
11、d long the floating water plants,Left and right you may gather them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Hed like to wed her, the qin and se1 playing.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may collect them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Hed like to marry her, bells and drums beating
12、. 注1：two traditional chinese musical instruments, rather like the zither, the former has seven strings and the latter twenty-five strings.译文五： Ospreys Tr. Gu ZhengkunHark! The ospreys merrily callOn the islet off the river shore.The girl is lovely and slenderly tall,Whom the gentleman would adore.Th
13、e water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be sought;The lovely girl is slenderly tall,Day and night he would her recall.The first courtship comes to bay,He longs for her wildly night and day.The lingering longing grips him tight,He tosses, unable to sleep at night.The water plants ar
14、e long and short,Here and there they can be caught;The lovely girl with frail appeal,Hell befriend with zither and zeal.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be stored.The lovely girl is slenderly tall,With bells and drums he wins her after all.Legge译标题不用Osprey而用Ode再于括号内加注（Kwan
15、 tseu），意在使读者将象声词“关关”与下文第一行的Kwan-Kwan联系起来，用心甚苦。但因为只从发音方面照顾一个“关”字，却将更重要的东西丢掉了：“关睢”之名，实际上暗示着全诗主旨，译文不直译而作Ode不妥。在中国人眼中，雎鸠求鱼象征男子求女，然而“雎鸠贞洁慎匹” ，是典型的中国式恋爱观。这些对于欧美人来说，正是难以理喻之处，可以说没看懂标题寓意，译诗先就败了一半。此处的补救办法，可采取直译加脚注。Arthur Waley标题song也不是很确切。Bynner译作The Pure-Hearted Girl（心灵纯洁的姑娘），这就把重心放在女方身上了，不如直译“关雎”之名以暗示诗旨为佳。辜译为Ospreys，杨译作Crying Ospreys。应该说杨译将雎鸠雌雄合鸣的欢快场面突现了出来，揭示出题目所暗含的男女爱情的主题。而辜译只有静态的水鸟，无助于揭示该诗的
