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1、专题六动词的时态和语态考向预测动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。 2018年高考时态
2、和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。考点定位动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。考点1 一般现在时与现在进行时 1一般现在时 （1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 【典例】1Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _ off at 18: 20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 【答案】
3、A【解析】飞机起飞的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。（2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态【典例】2.This machine . It hasnt worked for years.A. didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working【答案】C【解析】机器闲置了很多年。所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现时的状态，故答案为C【典例】3. The house belongs to my aunt but she here anymore.A. hasnt lived B
4、. didnt liveC. had lived D. doesnt live【答案】D【解析】句中的谓语动词时现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 【典例】4. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【答案】B【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情
5、，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 2现在进行时 （1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 【典例】1I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。（2）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 常用的这类动词有：go, come
6、, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 【典例】2Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 【答案】B【解析】答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下：一般现在时：
7、习惯性、永久性、客观事实现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感情色彩考点2 一般过去时与过去进行时1. 一般过去时主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 典例Its said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 【答案】D【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特
8、定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 【典例】My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then went to America.A. worked B. would workC. would be working D. has been working【答案】A【解析】此题中的two years ago 说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。2过去进行时 （1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 【典例】Has Sam finished his homework today?
9、I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 【答案】C【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。 （2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 【典例】What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and _ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was startin
10、g 【答案】D【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： 一般过去时：完成性 过去进行时：未完成 考点3、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 1. 现在完成时（1） 考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果【典例】Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are retouringA. achieved B. has achievedC. will achieveD. had
11、achieve.【答案】B【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 【典例】My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 【答案】D【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。 【典例
12、】My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 【答案】C【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。2. 现在完成进行时主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作【典例】 Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. has
13、considered B. has been consideringC. consider D.is going to consider【答案】B【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定，所以答案为B。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：现在完成时：完成性 强调动作的结果现在完成进行时：未完成性 动作在不久前持续进行的情景考点4 主动表示被动的三种情况 1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 2. 一些连系动词的主动
14、式形容词。 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 请同学们看下面一道题： 【典例】The roast duck_ delicious and a lot_ in two hours. A. was tasted； was sold B. tasted； was sold C. was tasted； sold D. tasted； would sell 【答案】B【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 【典例】_is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games _ every four years. A. It; are held B. As; take p
