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1、专题20阅读理解议论文类方法与技巧题型介绍：议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。命题形式：从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：1. 主旨题考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。2. 推理判断题这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重
2、于推理。3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1. Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。2. Argument/Idea Evidence Concl
3、usion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释
4、，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因结果（Cause & Effect）型。还有一种比较常见的是问题答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相当于解释）。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。这里强调一点:答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案) ，然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他角度对选项进行检验;如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑;次之从解的特征方面考虑。考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案体验高考1. 2017江苏卷CA new
5、commodity brings about a highly profitable，fastgrowing industry，urging antitrust (反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. T
6、he most valuable firms are Google，Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far fr
7、om charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of newborn giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, allpresent and far more valu
8、able, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies control
9、 of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “Gods eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would
10、 become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determin
11、e when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat. When this takes place, especially when a newborn company has no revenue to
12、speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Gov
13、ernments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments dont want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon. 61Why is there a call to break up giants?AThey have controlled the
14、data market.BThey collect enormous private data.CThey no longer provide free services.DThey dismissed some newborn giants.62What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?AData giants technology is very expensive.BGoogles idea is popular among data firms.CData can strengthen giants c
15、ontrolling position.DData can be turned into new services or products. 63By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could _Akill a new threatBavoid the size trapCfavour bigger firmsDcharge higher prices64What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data?ABig companies c
16、ould relieve data security pressure.BGovernments could relieve their financial pressure.CConsumers could better protect their privacy.DSmall companies could get more opportunities.【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数据信息垄断企业的发展导致的后果以及反垄断的措施、对反对数据垄断的未来展望。61. A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants
