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1、Chimamanda Adichie The danger of a single storyIm a storyteller.And I would like to tell you a few personal stories about what I like to call the danger of the single story.I grew up on a university campus in eastern Nigeria.My mother says that I started reading at the age of two, although I think f
2、our is probably close to the truth.So I was an early reader, and what I read were British and American childrens books.I was also an early writer, and when I began to write, at about the age of seven, stories in pencil with crayon illustrations that my poor mother was obligated to read, I wrote exac
3、tly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, and they talked a lot about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out.(Laughter)Now, this despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria.I had never been outside Nig
4、eria.We didnt have snow, we ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather, because there was no need to.My characters also drank a lot of ginger beer because the characters in the British books I read drank ginger beer.Never mind that I had no idea what ginger beer was.(Laughter)And for many ye
5、ars afterwards, I would have a desperate desire to taste ginger beer.But that is another story.What this demonstrates, I think, is how impressionable and vulnerable we are in the face of a story, particularly as children.Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had becom
6、e convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them and had to be about things with which I could not personally identify.Things changed when I discovered African books.There werent many of them available, and they werent quite as easy to find as the foreign books.But because
7、of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye I went through a mental shift in my perception of literature.I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, whose kinky hair could not form ponytails, could also exist in literature.I started to write about things I recognized.No
8、w, I loved those American and British books I read.They stirred my imagination. They opened up new worlds for me.But the unintended consequence was that I did not know that people like me could exist in literature.So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having
9、a single story of what books are.I come from a conventional, middle-class Nigerian family.My father was a professor.My mother was an administrator.And so we had, as was the norm, live-in domestic help, who would often come from nearby rural villages.So the year I turned eight we got a new house boy.
10、His name was Fide.The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor.My mother sent yams and rice, and our old clothes, to his family.And when I didnt finish my dinner my mother would say, Finish your food! Dont you know? People like Fides family have nothing.So I felt enor
11、mous pity for Fides family.Then one Saturday we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket made of dyed raffia that his brother had made.I was startled.It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something.All I had heard about
12、them was how poor they were, so that it had become impossible for me to see them as anything else but poor.Their poverty was my single story of them.Years later, I thought about this when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States.I was 19.My American roommate was shocked by me.She aske
13、d where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language.She asked if she could listen to what she called my tribal music, and was consequently very disappointed when I produced my tape of Mariah Carey.(Laughter)She a
14、ssumed that I did not know how to use a stove.What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me.Her default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning pity.My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.In this single s
15、tory there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibility of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals.I must say that before I went to the U.S. I didnt consciously identify as African.But in the U.S. whenever Africa came up peopl
16、e turned to me.Never mind that I knew nothing about places like Namibia.But I did come to embrace this new identity, and in many ways I think of myself now as African.Although I still get quite irritable when Africa is referred to as a country, the most recent example being my otherwise wonderful flight from Lagos two days ago, in which there was an announcement on
