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1、People aspects of structural change in the Peoples Republic of China,June 21, 2001 2001年6月21日,中国进行企业结构调整过程中 的人员与激励管理,The business of business is business 企业重在经营 - Milton Friedman,To get rich is glorious 发展才是硬道理 - Deng XiaoPing 邓小平,The great object of the political economy of every country, is to inc
2、rease the riches and power of that country.,各国政治经济体制的宗旨在于 增加该国的财富与实力。 - Adam Smith,Agenda 议程,Global overview of privatization lessons 全球企业市场化经验概述 Role of government in transition 政府部门在过渡过程中所发挥的作用 Executives and Leadership 对高层经理与领导者的激励与约束机制 Long-term Incentives pre-listing 公司上市前的长期奖励 Compensation Dat
3、a 薪酬数据 What does it all tell us? 结论,. ,Lessons from overseas 来自海外的经验,US: 美国： the worlds most advanced, competitive economy - most economic freedom 全球最发达、最富竞争力的经济体制：经济自由度最大 virtually no experience with privatization 实际上缺乏企业股份化经验 Japan: 日本： culturally, the most similar advanced economy to Japan, but s
4、talled in the modern economy. New hope from market reforms 从文化的维度而言，最类似于日本的发达经济，但日本目前处于停滞不前的状态。市场变革带来新的希望,Lessons from overseas 来自海外的经验,Western Europe: 西欧： Privatization everywhere, led by UK 在英国的带动下，各地都在进行股份化 Different tradition regarding employment 截然不同的人员聘用传统 If you create monopolies, not much ch
5、anges 若进行垄断，不会出现过多的变革 Competition creates wealth 竞争创造财富 Need to break up old industries to create competition 需要打破原有的行业格局，促进竞争 Workforces reduced, but society richer 人员减少，但社会更加富足,Privatization Transition 股份化过渡,Different models: 不同的模式： Partial privatization 部分股份化 Full sale 全部出售 listing 上市 auction (sm
6、aller companies) 拍卖(较小型的公司) Giving away assets to individuals, eg, Czech Republic, Singapore 向个人赠送资产，例如：捷克共和国、新加坡,. ,Privatization Transition - UK Water 股份化过渡 - UK Water,Longest most recent experience (15+yrs) 最长、最新的经验(15年以上) Gradual listings for many companies 许多公司逐步上市 previous managers put in char
7、ge 原有的经理负责进行管理 carefully regulated markets 仔细进行市场规约 initial compensation increase followed by move to market pay 遵照市场行情来提供最初的加薪 Few “golden shares” (BP, VSEL) 极少“黄金股票”(BP，VSEL),Privatization Transition - UK Water 股份化过渡 - UK Water,Problems with several industries 许多行业所面临的问题 regulated monopolies 规约垄断
8、higher pay for executives, but little behaviour change lower down 高层经理薪酬水准提高，但行为变革幅度却有所下降 competition is key 竞争是关键 electric/water industries being re-organized for capital reasons: separating supply from distribution 鉴于资本方面的原因，对电力/水力行业进行调整：供应与配送分离,Privatization Transition - UK Water 股份化过渡 - UK Water
9、,Originally single operation, run regionally 最初为单一型地区运营 Employed 100,000 员工总数达10万人 Controlled supply, distribution, customer interface, sewerage disposal 控制供应、配送、客户关系及污水处理部门 Regional authorities privatized, but remained monopolies. 地区权限市场化，但仍存在垄断 Some companies bought by foreigners 某些公司为外资所收购,. ,Pri
10、vatization Transition - UK Water 股份化过渡 - UK Water,Government body (OFWAT) set up to regulate, make standards, guarantee prices, etc 通过设立政府机构(OFWAT)来进行调控、制定标准和稳定价格等工作 Water companies operated better, but no substantial change, because monopolies still existed Water公司运作情况有所好转，但因仍存在着垄断，并未出现实质性的变化 Gover
11、nment-sponsored restructuring will leave supply separate from distribution, separate from billings 政府部门所发起的企业结构调整工作将导致供应与配送、核算部门分离,Privatization Transition - UK Water 股份化过渡 - UK Water,Supply companies will supply only 供应公司将仅仅供应 better capital structure 优化资本结构 limits monopoly 限制垄断 Distribution and cu
12、stomer interface 配送与客户关系部门 Contracted - open to competition 商定 - 公开竞争 Now 40,000 employees and falling 现有40,000名员工，并正在有所下降 Consumers, producers and government happy 客户、生产方和政府均比较满意,China is the samebut China is different! 中国亦如此但有其独特之处！,Some differences with US: 与美国所存在的一些差异 - 以下是美国市场所表现的特点： Very fluid
13、, competitive labor market 充满活力、富有竞争力的人才市场 Highly educated, confident workforce 高学历、充满自信的人才队伍 Work is a contract between equals 在平等的基础上签署工作合同 Very low unionization 很少进行联合 Few government-owned enterprises 极少存在国有企业 Tradition of wide stock ownership for investment 广义的股票投资所有权传统 Strong tradition for rule
14、 of law 良好的法律传统 Happiness with mix of market and government regulation 乐于将市场与政府规章相匹配,. ,The real issue is change 真正的问题源于变革,Minor change 细微变革 Feels easy 感觉容易 Retains govt control 保留政府控制 Low prices for assets 资产价格较低,Major Change 重大变革 Difficult 艰难 Loses govt control 失去政府控制 High prices 代价较高,How far, and
15、 how fast? 跨度？速度？,Lesson learned in the US 来自美国的经验,Three conditions for effective markets: 有效的市场所需具备的三个条件： information on companies and markets freely available 公司和市场自由运作方面的信息 liquidity - ability to buy and sell easily 流通性 - 能够比较容易地进行购买和出售 one set of rules for all 一套通用的规则 treat everyone the same 一视同
16、仁 minimize discretion 最大限度地减少区别,. ,The Talent Solution 人才解决方案,Improving Business Results through People 通过人员来改善经营结果.,Business Results 经营结果,Business Strategy 经营战略,People Requirements 人员要求,Employee Needs 员工需求,People Practices, Policies, Programs 人员 方案、政策、计划,Balanced Measurement 均衡评估法,Successful private sector companies manage for value 成功的私营公司的价值管理模式,Business Process 经营程序,People/HR Strategy 人员/人力资源战略 Employment Relationship 聘用关系,The Talent Solution 人才解决方案,Every company is different
