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1、初中英语被动语态深度讲解语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.（一） 被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 1一般现在时：amisaretaught She often watersthe f
2、lowers.The flowers are often watered by herEnglish is spoken by lots of people in the world 2一般过去时：wasweretaught Was/were doneWe visited a form yesterday.A form was visited yesterday by us.the cup was broken by the boy.He was saved at last.My bike was stolen,Some new computers were stolen last night
3、.This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时：willshall betaught Am/ is /are going to be doneShe will plant some trees this week.some trees will be planted this week.our class is going to hold a party this morning.A party is going to be held this evening by our classA new road will be built ne
4、xt year4现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：was/ were being doneHe is reading a novel.A novel is being readThe problem was being discussed nowThe machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.5现在完成时：havehas beentaught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面We have finished the work.The work has already been finished b
5、y us.6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词He can speak English English can be spoken by himWe should plant more trees on the mountainMore trees should be planted on the mountainYou must finished your homework in time your homework must be finished finished in time（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
6、 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造
7、的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。 如：I saw a bag drop fr
8、om the bus. A bag was seen to drop from the bus.Mother made her baby sleep in her arms. The baby was made to sleep in her mothers arms. I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。We often hear her sing in the next room.She is often heard to sing in
9、 the next room.The boss made them work for 16 hours a dayThey were msde to work for 16 hours a days by the boss(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. The pen was given to me last
10、 year. 这支笔是去年给我的。He bought me a book=a book was bought for me by him直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如：Mr. Smith gave us a lecture. We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.或 -A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。 如：I returned him the book. The book was return
11、ed to him. （注意用to）He wrote me a short note. A short note was written to me.(注意用to)He found me an umbrella. An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)I bought her some flowers. Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for）【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, te
12、ach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5) 短
13、语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。We cant look down upon anybody. Anybody cant be looked down upon.The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm ev
14、ery day. The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spre
15、ad, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 如，After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated.
