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1、第三部分 名人故事（五）21. Albert Einstein, a Great Scientific Thinker艾伯特爱因斯坦伟大的科学思想家艾伯特爱因斯坦，举世闻名的德裔美国科学家，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜，并推断出后来被验证了s的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。大大推动了现代天文学的发展。Albert Einstein (1879-1955) w
2、as one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitle
3、rs persecution of the Jews.In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train
4、is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute
5、 motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relat
6、ivity. He also improved on Newtons theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his
7、 complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.”Comprehension Questions: C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six.D. still at the Univers
8、ity of Zurich at the age of thirty-six.3. One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that _A. planes can go faster than trains and buses.B. people couldnt run as fast as vehicles.C. light goes the fastest of all things. D. two trains can never go at the same time.4. Einstein added that if something
9、 such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter _A. because the ruler itself was short. B. when it was moving faster and faster.C. because we cant see it clearly. D. because the ruler was broken into pieces. 5. Albert Einstein was world-famous for his _A. Special Theory of Rela
10、tivity.B. General Theory of Relativity.C. improving on Newtons theory of gravity.D. all his work mentioned above.(DCCBD)22. Madame Curie, the First Winner of Two Nobel Prizes居里夫人第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者居里夫人，波兰裔法国籍女物理学家、放射化学家。一位影响过世界进程、伟大无私而又谦逊质朴的女性；在科学探索中坚毅刻苦、锲而不舍并取得卓越非凡功绩的人；第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者；原子能时代的开创者之一。1903年和丈夫皮埃尔
11、居里及亨利贝克勒尔共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年又因放射化学方面的成就获得诺贝尔化学奖。with another scientist, metallic radium. For this she received the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. So she was the first to get a second Nobel Prize.Comprehension Questions:1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? _A. Ma
12、dame Curie was a chemist and physicist.B. Warsaw is the capital of Poland. C. It was Maries father who had her interested in science. D. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie studied at the Sorbonne.2. According to Marie Curies report in 1898, _A. there was a new powerful radioactive element existing in some
13、 metal.B. the two elements polonium and radium existed in pitchblende ores. C. some new powerful radioactive elements might exist in pitchblende ores.D. she had found out the nature of uranium.3. The 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics was given to _A. Madams Curie. B. Pierre Curie.C. the Curies. D. the Cu
14、ries and Becquerel.4. After husbands death, Madame Curie _A. succeeded in becoming a professor of physics at Sorbonne. B. took his place and became a professor of physics at the Sorbonne. C. was a successful professor of physics at the Sorbonne.D. was successful as a professor of chemistry at the So
15、rbonne.5. Madame Curie was the first to _A. get a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.B. win the Nobel Prize as a woman.C. win a second Nobel Prize.D. discover radioactivity.(DCDBC)23. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th American President亚伯拉罕林肯美国第16任总统already left the Union; four more states would soon follow them. The start of the Civil War was only weeks away. Many people doubted Lincolns ability to pull the Union together. He was then just a country lawyer. He had only a few years of schooling, and he had served one term in Congress. His only r
