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1、连词,连词是一种虚词, 在句中不单独充当句子成分，只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。在汉语里，通常可以把两个或更多的句子连起来而不用连词，这在英语中一般是不行的，句子只要一超过两个，通常就要用连词连接。连词一般不重读，分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词引出并列句，从属连词引出主从复合句。,考点一 并列连词 并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。并列连词主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系的并列连词。,【温馨提示】 1. 两对“冤家对头”不能同时出现在一个句子中: although/ though与but；because与so。 2. and和or的
2、区分 (1)and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。例如： I like bread and milk for breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃面包，喝牛奶。,I dont like bread or milk for breakfast. 我早餐不喜欢吃面包，喝牛奶。 Would you like some tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡？ (2)否定句中两部分都有否定词时用and连接。例如： Bill has no brothers and no sisters. =Bill has no brothers or sisters. 比尔没有兄弟姐妹。,(3)句
3、中含有without时，肯定句中用or，否定句中用and。例如： We cant live without air and water. 没有空气和水，我们无法生存。 Well die without air or water. 没有空气和水，我们就会死亡。,(4)and与or(表示“否则”)都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。例如： Get up quickly, or youll be late for school. =If you dont get up quickly, youll be late for school. 快点起床，否则你上学会迟到。 Work hard, and y
4、oull get good grades. =If you work hard, youll get good grades. 努力学习，你会取得好成绩。,so用作并列连词时主要表示结果，意为“因此”“所以”。如： I was tired, so I went to bed earlier. 我累了所以早点睡了。 He took my shoes, so I couldnt leave the house. 他把鞋拿走了，我出不了门。 按英语习惯，表示结果的so不能与表示原因的because套用，在使用时只能保留其中的一个。如： 那是一个难题，所以我最后才回答。 误：Because that
5、was a difficult question, so I answered it last. 正：That was a difficult question, so I answered it last. 正：Because that was a difficult question, I answered it last.,考点二 从属连词（用于引导从句） 1. 引导宾语从句的从属连词that，if(whether)。例如： I know that the puppy is very clever. 我知道那条小狗很聪明。 We dont know if/whether it will
6、rain tomorrow. 我们不知道明天是否下雨。,2. 引导状语从句的从属连词,While可引导状语从句，表让步和时间；while还可连接并列句，表前后对比。 I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again. While I accept that hes not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man. Strike while the iron is hot. I thought I heard h
7、im come in while we were having dinner.,(but),(although),(during),but VS however However 放于句首句尾句中都可以, 但有逗号与之隔开。 But 转折意义更强烈, 既可以连接两个句子, 也可以连接句子中的两个并列成分。 Weve got so many troubles , however , we have solved most of them. You know all this as well as I do, however. They like reading novels but they do
8、nt like writing it.,1. （2012六盘水中考）The man was so tired, _ he still went on working. A. so B. but C. or D. and 【解析】选B。由句意：那个人是那么累，但是他仍然继续工作。可知前后两句存在转折关系，故选B。,2. （2012恩施中考）The boy is _ clever that everybody _ him. A. such; likes B. so; likes C. so; like 【解析】选B。由that前clever是形容词故用so修饰；everybody作主语时谓语动词用
9、单数，故选B。,3. （2012呼和浩特中考） I hear _ your grandpa _ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. Right, just as many old people do in our city. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also 【解析】选A。由谓语动词like是复数可知并列连词是both. . . and。其他三个选项的并列连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致，故选A。,5. （2011潍坊中考）Mom, w
10、hen shall we go to Weifang Museum this weekend? Oh, sorry. Im going to Beijing for a meeting. _ Saturday _ Sunday is OK. A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Not only; but also 【解析】选A。句意：妈妈， 我们这个周末何时去潍坊博物馆啊？ 哦，对不起。我将去北京开会。周六和周日都不行。neither. . . nor 既不也不。故选A。,6. （2011宜宾中考）He didnt go to schoo
11、l yesterday _ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. if D. so 【解析】选A。由句中前后两部分的意思可知，后半部分在表明前面“没有上学”的原因，排除C与D项；because后跟句子而because of后跟单词或短语。故选A。,7. （2011临沂中考）Dont forget to wash hands _ you have meals. A. before B. until C. through D. unless 【解析】选A。句意：你别忘了饭前洗手。before在之前。故选A。,8. （2011滨州中考）What was yo
12、ur brother doing at this time yesterday? He was reading a magazine _ I was writing an e-mail at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 【解析】选D。as soon as一就；after在之后； until直到为止；while当的时候，和同时。由答语句意“他在家读杂志而我在写电子邮件”可知，两个动作同时进行，故选D。,9. （2011聊城中考）How do you like the story? Interesting, _ the end of
13、 it is not perfect. A. so B. though C. or D. because 【解析】选B。though“虽然；尽管”，根据答句句意“很有意思，尽管结局不完美。”可作出判断。,10.You should try to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever 11. Some people waste a lot of food _ others havent enough to eat. A. however
14、B. when C. as D. while 12. _ he had to write a history paper, _ he couldnt find time to do it. A. Although; but B. Although; / C. Even thought; / D. Even if; /,A,D,B,13. He promised to help me. _,he is busy and hasnt come. A. While B. Although C. However D. Whether 14. Shes been learning Italian for
15、 six years, _ she doesnt speak it very well. A. for B. so C. but D. as,15. He promised to help me. _,he is busy and hasnt come. A. While B. Although C. However D. Whether 16. Shes been learning Italian for six years, _ she doesnt speak it very well. A. for B. so C. but D. as,17 This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it , _ . A how much may it cost
