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1、1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, p
2、eople who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in
3、administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational bac
4、kground is properly technical or professional. The generalist - and especially the administrator - deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capabl
5、e of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the tw
6、o kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you - but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon
7、the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26.There is an increasing demand for _.A all round people in their own fieldsB people whose job is to organize other peoples workC generalists whose educationa
8、l background is either technical or professionalD specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27.The specialist is _.A a man whose job is to train other peopleB a man who has been trained in more than one fieldsC a man who can see the forest rather than the treesD
9、a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28.The administrator is _.A a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistB a man who sees the trees as well as the forestC a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD a man who is an “educated” specialist29.During your
10、training period, it is important _.A to try to be a generalistB to choose a profitable jobC to find an organization which fits youD to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30.A mans first job _.A is never the right job for himB should not be regarded as his final jobC should
11、not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job全文翻译 大量职业在日益强调专业性。这类职业常见于工程、生产、统计、教学领域。但对那些一眼就能注意到很大区域、可能对任一领域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。换言之，社会需要那些能够看到森林而非树木、能够做出总体判断的人。我们可以称这些人为“通才”。管理职位尤其需要这样的“通才”，在管理职位上“通才”的职责是：确保他人完成
12、工作，必须为他人制定计划，组织他人的工作，发起工作且对工作做出评判。 专家精通某一领域；他关注的是技术和工具。他是“受过良好训练”者；他有良好的技术或专业教育背景。通才，尤其是管理者，与人打交道；他关 注的是领导、规划及方向设定。他是“受过良好教育”者；人文学科是其最坚强的基石。鲜有专家能够胜任管理者。同样，优秀的通才很少同时也是某一特定领域的优秀专家。任何组织都同时需要这两种人，虽然组织不同，需求的比例亦不同。你的任务是在训练期间从两种工作中发现适合自己的那一种，并对自己的职业作出相应的规划。 你的第一份工作可能恰好是适合你的工作但这纯属巧合。当然，你不应频繁更换工作，否则人们将怀疑你是否有
13、能力保住一份工作。同时，你也一定不要把第一份工作看做最后一份工作；它主要是一份培训工作，一个认识自己和自己工作专长的机会。Test 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the contine
14、nt is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is
15、a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world - the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Ant
16、arctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live wit
