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1、11.The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon 3.that young people are barely able to write with pen in ha
2、nd. Without the help of an electronic product , many people find it hard to write 10,000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus , the CCTV launched a program, “Chinese Character Dictation Competition”, to arouse peoples attention to Chinese characters and improve the audiences handwriting ab
3、ility. 分析： 如果把 “遗留”翻译成 left over by ，后面应跟施動者，但 Chinese ancient culture 不合适，因此，用 of 表达 Chinese ancient culture 与“汉字书写体系”之间的所属关系。 范畴词：英语中有些抽象名词往往已含有汉语中一些表示状态、品质的范畴概念。这类词不需译出。“命运”没有译出，因为该词在这里不具备具体含义，而用来表明范畴。“退化”本身就是一种命运，从意义上来讲，英语句子里加上“命运”一词，似乎多余。简言之：declining =退化的命运类似范畴词“任务，情况，状态，态度，问题，制度，事业，局面，情景，现象”等
4、，英译时省略。比如： a.如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话那就要使 儿童沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。 Not to educate the child is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance. 范畴词前的名词“愚昧”译成抽象名词 ignorance”,而范畴词“状态”被省去,但原文意义丝毫未损。Ignorance=愚昧状态。b. 上一个夏天,3000 名城市福利救济部门的雇员举行一次“到职罢工”活动,他们人到了办公室,但拒绝审核要求救济的申请。Last summer more than 3000 city welfare employees staged
5、a “work-in ”during which they showed up at the office but refused to process cases “到职罢工”译成英语的抽象名词“work-in”,而范畴词“活动”省去不译。 Work-in =到职罢工活动c. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 这里 oxidation=氧化作用d. 在工作中，大家都必须杜绝浪费和低效率的现象。It is necessary to put an end to waste and inefficiency in our wo
6、rk这里，waste and inefficiency=浪费和低效率的现象。phenomenon 后面用 that 引导从句，表同位语。类似结构,抽象名词 idea, belief, suggestion, hope, news ,evidence, principle, fact“拿起笔”这个动词短语做伴随状语，用独立主格表示。 “日常用 “作定语，修饰”字“。短语放后面，用分词表示。被动，用过去分词。段落 2. Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ)is a regional special economic zone launched in Shanghai acc
7、ording to Chinese laws. It was approved by State Council on August 22,2013 and established in September 29.The FTZ is new experimental unit of opening up selected voluntarily by China, which intends to boost reform via opening up . The establishment of the FTZ is a significant measure conducted volu
8、ntarily by China when facing the new trend in world 2economy and trade. It will improve Chinas advantage in the global competition, construct a new platform of cooperation with other countries and expand new space in economic development . 分析： ”在上海 设立的”这个定语是动词短语，用分 词 表达，后置。 “意图”也可译成 intending to ,做伴
9、随状语。“中国面对全球经贸发展新趋势主动实施”定语是个很长的动词短语，用分词表达，后置。在这个定语中“ 中国面对 全球经贸发展新趋势”是个时间状语。When facing 也可译成when she faces3. “Made in China” is originally a mark indicating the place of production on labels. Now it refers to products manufactured in China, which is a full range of products with both material and cult
10、ural elements. “Made in China” is well received all over the world because the products are of excellent quality and reasonable price. But in the eyes of some foreign consumers it also represents low end and low quality. In recent years, Chinese government has put advertisements on some internationa
11、l media, aiming to promote and improve the international image of “Made in China ”products. 分析： “它指全方位的商品”中的“它” 即前面的“产品”，因此用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。4. Embroidery, one of the traditional folk arts and crafts in China, has a history of more than 2000 years. It is made by embroidering various decorating pat
12、terns on fabrics with needle and thread. Chinese embroidery is closely connected with sericulture , as China is the first country in the world to use silk. Embroidery is mainly used in life and art decoration, such as clothes, bedclothes, table cloth and stage decoration. As one of the outstanding r
13、epresentatives of Chinese culture and art, embroidery enjoys a high reputation overseas. 分析： 英语通常有主有次，保留一个谓语动词，其余 动词应译 成分词，从句或其他短语性质结构。这里，“中国民间传统手工艺之一” =“刺绣”，因此，译成同位语结构。记住：英语中心词在前，同位语在后 “使用蚕丝“ 动词短语作定语，后置。因为前面有最高级/序数词,因此用 to 不定式做后置定语。”刺 绣的用途主要包括 ”译成被动态，主要是 为了保持主 语一致，主 题一致。5. Western development campa
14、ign is a policy made by Chinese government and operated from 2000. Its goal is to improve the economic and social development level of the western areas . There are twelve provinces and autonomous regions covered in this campaign. The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential
15、 market and important strategic location. But because of natural, historical and social factors ,the economic development in those areas lags behind that of the eastern areas . The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development in the western areas, which will help r
16、ealize common prosperity . 分析： “目的是“用 be to 结构。 类似“ 希望是”，“ 计划是”，“问题是”，“梦想是”“市场潜力大，战略位置重要 ”补充说明，因此用 with 介 词短语引导。“东部”实质指东部的经济发展，因此 behind 后面要加 that of, 用 that 指代economic development，避免重复。3英语 句子通常只留一个主句，“实现共同富裕” 要译成从属部分。该分句补充说明前面一整句话，整件事，因此用 which 引导的非限制性定语 从句。6. The Crave for civil servant jobs refers to the social phenomenon that an increasing number of Chinese take part in recruitment examination of government institutions. It is reported t
