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1、1,The Newspaper Lead,2,I. Introduction,The lead is a statement of the most significant aspect of an event. That information - the climax of the event, the theme statement of a speech, the result of an investigation - is presented as simply and clearly as possible in the first paragraph. It sets the
2、tone. It advertises what is coming in the rest of the story. It conveys the most important information of the story.,3,I. Introduction,The leads sits atop a news-writing formula called the inverted pyramid, in which information is arranged in descending order of importance. Those following paragraph
3、s explain and provide evidence to support the lead. Usually, each paragraph contains one idea.,4,新闻导语,新闻导语(news lead)是新闻报道开头的第一 段文字，也是新闻报道全文最重要的部分。它以 最简练的语言把新闻报道中最重要、最精彩的内 容完整地呈现出来，使读者读完导语之后就能获 悉新闻报道的主要内容。新闻报道的导语一般具 有六个要素，俗称5个W和1个H：Who，What, Where, When, Why 和 How。,5,II. Different Types of Newspaper
4、 Leads,There are different types of newspaper leads. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two categories: 1. The Summary Lead (综述性导语), which usually gives the storys main topic and its most important facts and which is usually used in “Hard News” writing. 2. The Delayed Lead (延缓性导语) which is
5、 commonly used in the “Soft News” writing and feature stories.,6,1. The Summary Lead,The Summary Lead is the most popular lead which generally answers the six questions: who, what, where, when, why, and how. In a Summary Lead, the five Ws and one H give the substance of the first paragraph and also
6、serve as the framework for the body of the story. But not all Summary Leads answer all the six questions. Some will answer only three or four or five of the six questions.,7,概括性导语,概括性导语也称作直接式导语 (summary lead or direct lead), 是新闻报道写作中最常用的、最普 遍的一种形式, 尤其适用于“倒金字塔”结构的硬 消息。其特点就是在第一段写出导语的六个要 素，即：5个W和1个H。当然
7、，在导语中有的记 者回答全部六个问题，有的只回答其中的部分问 题。,8,1. The Summary Lead,The Summary Lead (概括性导语),The “Who” Lead The “ What” Lead The “When” Lead The “Where” Lead The “why” Lead The “ How” Lead,9,1. The Summary Lead,Israel launched a major groundinvasion of the Gaza Strip(加沙地带)on Saturday night, moving in tanks, inf
8、antry(步兵)and artillery(炮兵)units after eight days of relentless(不 间断的)air attacks failed to halt(停止)Hamas rocket fire from the narrow coastal territory.,Who Israel What launched a major ground invasion When on Saturday night Where the Gaza Strip Why to halt Hamas rocket fire How moving in tanks, infa
9、ntry and artillery units,10,1. The Summary Lead,Of course, seldom leads answer all the six questions as above. Most leads answer only one, two, three, or four of the questions. For instance:,11,1. The Summary Lead,At least 1,000 rioters(暴徒) clashed(冲突)with the police on Sunday in a regional capital
10、in western China after days of rising tensions between Muslim Uighurs (维吾尔族)and Han Chinese, according to witnesses and photographs of the riot(骚乱).,Who at least 1,000 rioters What clashed with the police When on Sunday Where in a regional capital in western China Why rising tensions between Muslim
11、Uighurs and Han Chinese,12,1. The Summary Lead,An explosion at an apartment block in northwestern Brussels(布鲁塞尔)killed 4 people and injured 14 early yesterday, police said. What an explosion Where at an apartment block in northwestern Brussels When early yesterday,13,1. The Summary Lead,The move to
12、simpler, shorter leads has resulted in the practice of featuring one W which is much more important than the others. The following examples show how one element can be featured.,14,1. The Summary Lead,The who: A private watchman shot a suspected burglar Tuesday when he and two companions resisted ar
13、rest The what: New safety regulations concerning air bag in automobiles were announced during a press conference in Washington D.C. this morning.,15,1. The Summary Lead,The when: At 7:42 P.M today, a full lunar eclipse will be visible in most part of China, the Central Astronomical Station announced
14、 . The where: In her 400-year-old ancestral home, the only daughter of an English general recently became the wife of a gypsy, who worked as a handyman on the estate.,16,1. The Summary Lead,The why: Trying to pass another car while traveling at high speed brought serious injury to two men Friday nig
15、ht when their automobile overturned on Washington Boulevard at Potter Avenue The how: Tying a large balloon to his body, a boy of ten jumped down from the window of his house on the eighth floor, fortunately to be caught on a big tree.,17,2. The Delayed Lead (延缓性导语),The Delayed Lead is different fro
16、m the summary lead. The summary lead summarizes the whole story while the delayed lead tends to rely heavily on suspended interest, although it may answer one or more of the Ws. It may have more attraction for the reader because of its novelty, liveliness, and literary tinge. The following leads of this kind are commonly used in modern newspapers.,18,2. The Delayed Lead (延缓性导语),描述式导语指报道的第一段描写与新闻事件有关的某 个细节，制造气氛，烘托主题，确定基调，让读者身 临其境般地阅读理解新闻报道。从下面的例子可以看 出这两种导语的区别： 1975年2月2日，美国驻联
