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1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)虚拟语气()语法图解探究发现If I were you, I would follow his advice.If Id wanted to see them, I would have had to visit them in person.If I had time tomorrow, I would attend the concert.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If I should do the experiment, I would
2、 do it some other way.Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract.But for the rain (If it hadnt rained), we should have arrived yesterday.Im really busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you. (otherwiseif I were not so busy)If he were alive now, he might have grown into a hand
3、some young man.我的发现(1)句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；、句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)句中if省略，从句的主、谓语要倒装。(3)虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，be动词一般用were。(4)、句是含蓄虚拟条件句；句是错综时间虚拟条件句，从句说明的是现在的情况，主句说明的是过去的情况。在英语中，语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。一、if引导的虚拟条件句1虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式所述情况从句主句与过去事实相反i
4、f主语had动词过去分词主语would/could/might/shouldhave过去分词与现在事实相反if主语动词过去式(be动词用were)主语would/could/might/should动词原形与将来事实相反if主语动词过去式if主语were to动词原形if主语should动词原形主语would/could/might/should动词原形If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她就不会找我帮忙。(现在)If you had got up earlier, you could have caught
5、the train.你如果早一点儿起床，就会赶上火车的。(过去)If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(将来)2be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语中，单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(if I were you, as it were等)中，be只能用were。We could ask him if he were/was here.他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。The sky is covered, as it were,
6、with a black curtain.天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。3倒装虚拟句如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。If I had had any money with me, I could have lent you some.Had I had any money with me, I could have lent you some.要是我当时有钱的话，我会借给你一些。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考改编)Why didnt you tell me about y
7、our trouble last week? If you had_told (tell) me, I could have helped.(2016天津高考改编)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)Were (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.(2015江苏高考改编) It might have saved me some trouble had (have) I known
8、the schedule.(2015北京高考改编) If I hadnt seen it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have_believed (believe) it.(2)单句改错If there was no music, the world would be very dull.waswereIf you would come tomorrow, you might see him.wouldshouldIf I have known that you were coming, I would have gone to the station to pic
9、k you up.第一个havehadI would have helped you more if I had been so busy.had后加not二、含蓄虚拟条件句1用with, without, but for等介词或介词短语代替条件句But for your help, our experiment wouldnt have been so successful.假如没有你们的帮助，我们的实验是不会如此成功的。Without your help, I couldnt have worked out the maths problem.没有你的帮助，我不可能解出那道数学题。2用or
10、或者otherwise代替条件句I didnt attend the meeting last night, or I would have met Mr Smith.我昨晚没有参加会议，要不然的话我就能见到史密斯先生了。I wasnt invited to the party, otherwise I would have attended it.我没有接到聚会的邀请，要不然我就去参加了。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015安徽高考改编) It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay n
11、ow.(2015重庆高考改编) Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt have_written (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2014浙江高考改编) They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come (come) to our help.We lost our way in that small village, o
12、therwise we would_have_visited (visit) more places of interest yesterday.(2)完成句子你会用一百万美元来干什么？What would_you_do with a million dollars?没有你的帮助，我们不能及时完成这项工作。We couldnt_have_finished_the_work_in_time without your help.那时我太忙了，否则我会告诉他答案的。I was so busy then. Otherwise, I_would_have_told_him_the_answer.他打电话
13、告知我你的生日，否则我会对此一无所知。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I_would_have_known_nothing_about_it.三、错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句，又叫混合条件句。在该条件句中，从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的不同时间选用不同的时态形式。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(现在过去)If he had followed the do
14、ctors advice, he would recover already.如果他听了医生的劝告，现在病就好了。(过去现在)If we hadnt got everything ready, we would be having a terrible time tomorrow.如果一切都没有准备好，明天我们就会碰到糟糕的情况。(过去将来)If he were to leave, you would have heard about it.如果他要走，你早就会听到这个消息了。(将来过去)即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空We would_be (be) back in the hotel
15、 now if you didnt lose the map. If we had_booked (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he would_be (be) able to speak it much better now.(2)完成句子要是我以前努力学习的话，我现在就在上大学了。If I had studied hard, I_would_be_in_a_college_now.要是我早听取了你的建议的话，现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。If I had followed your advice, I_would_not_have_such_trouble.如果我不害怕蜘蛛的话，我就会将它们抓起来。If I wasnt afraid of spiders,
