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1、专题三 短文改错,1.命题形式 短文改错给出一篇约100个单词的短文,文中有10处错误,错误类型包括词法、语法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断,如有错则将其改正。,20102019年高考全国卷短文改错考情一览表,2.命题规律 该题型以记叙文为主,素材多来源于学生作文,篇章的主题多贴近生活,情境为广大考生所熟悉。学生平时在书面表达中常出现的错误也就是短文改错题要考查的重点。改错以句为单位,每句最多两处错误。全文通常为一处多词,一处缺词和八处错误。个别情况下答案不唯一。比如2004年全国1卷中的第九处错误,可以去掉but,也可以把but改为yet。2016年全国2卷的第八处错误,可以去掉c
2、an,也可以把can改为should。文中涉及的词法错误最多,包括名词的单复数、冠词、代词、形容词的比较等级、时态、语态和非谓语动词等;句法错误主要包括连接词和关系词的用法;逻辑错误主要涉及连词和过渡词的使用。,Passage 1 (2019全国1,10分,难度) I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly footbal
3、l fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.To everyones surprising,the ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.From now on,I started to play my football with
4、classmates after school.I am a good player now.,football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.,【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小学时代的偶然事件让“我”喜欢上了踢足球。 第一处:interestinginterested 考查形容词。become interested in“对感兴趣”。 第二处:wherewhen 考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺成分,先行词表示时间。故用when。 第三处:football前面加a 考查冠词。单数可数名词需要用限定词,“一个”
5、足球,用a。 第四处:butand 考查并列连词。刚好落在“我”面前并且差点击中了“我”。此处表示并列关系,用and。 第五处:hardlyhard 考查副词。hardly“几乎不”;hard“用力地”。“我”用力踢回去,用hard。,第六处:surprisingsurprise 考查固定短语。to ones surprise“让某人惊讶的是”。 第七处:playerplayers 考查名词。all“所有的”修饰名词复数,故用players。 第八处:saysaying 考查非谓语动词。句中已经有谓语动词cheered,应该用非谓语动词,say有宾语,用动词-ing 形式。 第九处:nowth
6、en 考查副词。此处表示从那时起,用from then on。 第十处:去掉football前的my 考查代词。play football为固定搭配,意为“踢足球”。,Passage 2 (2019全国2,10分,难度) Since I was a kid,Ive considered different job I would like to do.First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.Then,when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher be
7、cause I liked my English teacher too much.When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.They were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I w
8、anted to help people in need.,第一处:jobjobs 考查名词单复数。job是可数名词,根据前面的different可知要用复数形式。 第二处:coollycool 考查形容词。look是连系动词,后面应用形容词做表语。 第三处:fivefifth 考查数词。根据语境以及grade可知,此处表示“第五”,应用序数词。 第四处:toovery/so 考查副词。此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”。too强调超出了必要的限度,所以应把too改为very或so。 第五处:chemistry后加in/at 考查介词。此处缺少表示“在地方”的介词,由后面的high schoo
9、l可知,此处应加in或at。,第六处:orand 考查连词。根据语境可知,reconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor是并列关系,不是选择关系,所以应把or改为and。 第七处:TheyThere 考查固定句式。分析句子结构可知,本句是“There be.”结构,所以应把They改为There。注意首字母要大写。 第八处:amazingamazed 考查形容词。amazed“惊奇的”,表示人的心理感受;amazing“令人惊奇的”,表示事物的特征。此处是修饰I,所以应用amazed。 第九处:删除more 考查比较级。better本身就是比较级,mor
10、e多余。 第十处:iswas 考查时态。由全文时态可知,文章讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时。,Passage 3 (2019全国3,10分,难度) Ive had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to opens a cafe.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.I want my cafe
11、have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an u
12、nique style.,【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“我”梦想在多个城市开办主题咖啡厅。 第一处:opensopen 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处不定式短语作表语。 第二处:requiredrequires 考查动词的时态。文章整体是以一般现在时为主,因此用一般现在时。 第三处:ordinarilyordinary 考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词cafe。句意:我想要的不仅是一家普通的咖啡馆。 第四处:have前加to 考查非谓语动词。want sb./sth.to do为固定结构,句意:我想让我的咖啡厅有特殊的主题。 第五处:去掉as后面的like 考查介词。su
13、ch as为固定搭配,所以应去掉后面的介词like。,第六处:yourselvesthemselves 考查代词。句子主语是customers,所以应为enjoy themselves,表示顾客们可以在跟历史相关的氛围中玩得愉快。 第七处:whatthat/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为名词environment,后面从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that/which。 第八处:managemanaging 考查非谓语动词。succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配。 第九处:citycities 考查名词。句意:我希望在不同的城市开设咖啡连锁店。故用复数形式。
14、第十处:ana 考查冠词。unique第一个音素不是元音,故用a。,Passage 4 (2019全国1,10分,难度) During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks and another animals.Last winter when I went
15、 here again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond which they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.I felt happily that their life had improved.At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for
16、 every two years,but he agreed.,Passage 5 (2018全国2,10分,难度) When I was little,Fridays night was our family game night.After supper,we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents would not to let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.I didnt realize how
