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1、新目标八年级下册 英语语法知识点精讲+练习Unit1一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel bette
2、r after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下:一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句构成:will + not
3、(wont)+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词will主语?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I dont feel well today. (be better tomorrow) Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _ 2. Im tired now. (sleep later) _ 3. My
4、parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _ 4. We cant leave right now. (leave a little later) _ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _答案:1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. U
5、nit2 should的用法: should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not. eg:I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车,很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人
6、提建议的几种句式: (1)I think you should (2)Well, you could (3)Maybe you should (4)Why dont you? =why not do、? (5)What about doing sth.? (6)Youd better do sth. 练一练 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3.
7、There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. Unit3 过去进行时(一) 过去进行时的构成及用法:1、构成:主语+was / were + 动词的现在分词 (其中am,iswas; arewere ) 2、用法:表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作或状态.也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作
8、。(常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有:then,this time yesterday,at that time,at 9:00 yesterday evening, the whole morning,all night等) The barber was cutting my hair at that time.we were sleeping at 8:00 yesterday morning.She was writing a letter the whole morning.(二)when和while引导的时间状语从句。意思是“当、时”when 是at that time的意思,表示做某
9、种动作的时间或瞬间。其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。 eg:When winter comes, the weather gets colder and colder. When Linda saw Davy, he was playing basketball.I was reading a book when she came into my room。When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. while 是during the time的意思,表示略长的一段时间。其谓语动词
10、必须是延续性的。常与现在进行时或过去进行时连用。 Eg:Tom was reading a newspaper while he was waiting for a bus.I am doing my homework while my mother is cooking. 练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _(read)books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _(have)a party. 3. When I _(come)into the classroom, she _ _(read)a
11、 storybook. 4. She _ _(play)computer games while her mother _ _(cook)yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _(have)a shower when you _(call)me yesterday. Unit4 宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。一、引导词1从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意思,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that)they would help us through the whole
12、 work.2从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I dont know if there will be a bus any more.3. 从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didnt tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。(注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态仍
13、用一般现在时。)例句:He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect .爸爸告诉我熟能生巧。(客观)三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _(be)hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _(be)bored yesterday.