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1、初中英语语法总结连词连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。第一类表示并列关系的连词1)and 和判断改错：(错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang.(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(对) They sat down and talked about something.(对)
2、They started to dance and sing.(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析： 第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：1. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and y
3、oull get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed 2, A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。 bread and butter a knife and fork The mother and teacher is very strict
4、with her son. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class. 3. and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气 Read it again and again2)both and两者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3) neithernor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.4)not onlybut (also)不但而且She plays not only th
5、e piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意： not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 5) as well as 以及，也，与同样 The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity. 比较and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句
6、。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题 -I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much.A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。判断改错： (错) We will d
7、ie without air and water. (错) We cant live without air or water. (对) We will die without air or water. (对) We cant live without air and water. 第二类表示选择关系的连词1) or意思为或则。Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ? 2) eitheror意思为或者或者 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 3) or else/ otherwise 否则 Be s
8、ilent, or else you will be kicked out. I am tired, otherwise, I would play. 第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词 1） but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.while 然而，表示对比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them.yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.however 然而，可是，不过 She does not like him, however, I lik
9、e him.2) notbut 意思为不是 而是 not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.典型例题- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。第四类表因果关系的连词1) for 因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对
10、先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。He is absent today, for he is ill.2) so, therefore 因此He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.I think, therefore I am 3）then 那么，因而 Hide behind the wall, then they wont see you.注意： a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。You can watch TV, and or you can g
11、o to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnt play in the game. b. although yet，但although不与 but连用。 (错)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. (对)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 从属连词从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第一类引
12、导名词性从句的从属连词1） that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。He said (that) he would come. 宾语从句His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 间接引语That she is still alive is true. 主语从句2） if/whether 是否I wonder if he is at home.I ask him whether he would come. 注意：只可以用whether的情况 介词后面 It will depend on whether it rains
13、 tomorrow. whetheror not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not. 动词不定式前 I dont know whether to accept his advice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词1） 连接时间状语从句的从属连词before 在之前 The war had been over before he came to China.after 在之后 He came to China after the war was over.since 自从 I have lived in this city since I was b
14、orn.when/while 当 The teacher entered the classroom, when all the students were playing When I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep （while后接的动词是延续性的动词）as 当 I saw her as I was getting on the bus.till/until 直到 I didnt go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.as soon as 一就 As soon as he saw the policema
