高中英语复习-介词讲解

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1、介词讲解一 介词概述用来表明名词、代词与句子中其他词的关系的词叫做介词。介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,不能单独使用。介词又称前置词,一般放在名词的前面。介词属于虚词,不能独自作为句子成分,必须与名词或代词等词类一起构成介词短语,才可以充当句子成分。介词是虚词,不能重读,往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句一起构成介词短语,以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。介词+动词(ing)介词+人称(宾格)介词(一般)+名词【目标】掌握常见介词的用法。掌握介词与动词,介词与形容词,介词与名词结合构成短语的用法。 【课前准备】要求学生对所学过的介词作一系统归纳,按照四类

2、表示:时间、地点、趋向和其他。 【知识要点】二 介词的分类按其构成分,可分为以下几种形式:种类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, at, by, under, of, over, past复合介词有两个介词组成一个介词或介词短语as for, as to, out of, inside, into, outside, within, without, onto, throughout双重介词由一个单一介词相连而作为一个介词使用的介词,但没有复合介词那么固定from among从当中,from behind 从之后, from beyond 从之外, from under 从之下from w

3、ithin 从之内, up to直到、轮到、胜任, until / till after 直到之后短语介词由短语组成in front of, because of, instead of , along with, up to, according to next to分词介词由动词-ing形式构成concerning, including regarding1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如:Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of 等。如:She is out of schoo

4、l. 她毕业了。3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。如:Im from out of town. 我是从城外来的。4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。如:I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired. 我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。按其词义分为下列常见的几种基本用法例 词表示地点(包括动词)about, above, across, along, amo

5、ng, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, by, down, in, near, with表示时间about, after, around, as, at, before, behind, between, during, from, in, into, of, on, cover, towards, under, up, upon, within表示除去besides, but, except表示比较as, like, above, over表示赞成和反对with, against表示原因、目的for, w

6、ith, from表示结果to, with, without表示手段、方式by, in, with表示所属of, with表示条件on, without, considering表示让步despite, in spite of, notwithstanding表示关于about, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to表示对于to, for, at, with表示根据on, according to表示其他for, without三 介词短语在句中的作用作定语。例如:1) A friend in need is a friend

7、 indeed.2) The houses opposite ours are being pulled down.作状语。例如:1) With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.2) Such an approach was unlikely to work given the current stricken state of both the auto industry and the economy as a whole.作表语,例如: 1) Japan is to the east of

8、China. 2) He is always among the first to come to the school.作定语补足语 1) Make yourself at home. 2) We found her in better spirits.四 介词后直接接形容词的情况介词后接形容词通常加上being。例如:He was dismissed from his job for being absent-minded while working.但在现在英语中,某些介词后可省略being直接接形容词。这种用法仅限于某些含介词的短语,通常比较固定,不能随便套用。例如:1) take f

9、or granted Ex: I took it for granted that you would stay with us.2) far from +形容词 Ex: His explanation was far from satisfaction.3) anything but +形容词 Ex: He is anything but angry.4) kind of +形容词 Ex: He looks kind of pale after his illness.5) sort of +形容词 Ex: She is sort of excited.6) consider as +形容词

10、 Ex: We considered the wire as disconnected.7) accept as +形容词 Ex: We accepted the conclusion as true.8) regard as +形容词 Ex: Do you regard it as necessary I should come?说明:在regard as后还可接介词短语和介词。五 介词省略的情况表示时间的短语中有next, last, one, this, every, each, some, any, all等单词时,介词应省略。如: You can come any day you l

11、ike. We worked hard all last year.在有不定冠词a或an(a或an的意思是“每一”)的短语中,不用介词。如: three times a day 每天三次 sixty miles an hour 每小时60英里 forty hours a week 每周40小时 once a month 一月一次 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.含height,length,size,shape,age,color,weight等词的短语在句中作表语时,短语前不用介词。如: She is the same age as me. He i

12、s just the height to be a policeman. What color are her eyes?在in the same way, in this way, in another way等短语中,in常常被省略。如: Please go (in) this way.表示持续一段时间的短语中,for常被省略。如: We stayed there for three weeks.六 常用介词以及介词短语讲解一,in 的用法:1,in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。in 表时间段,即指在较长的一段时间内,相当于during。如世纪、朝代

13、、年代、年、月、季节等。in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in summer在夏季in Spring在春季 in autumn 在秋季 in 1995在1995 in winter在冬季in September,1995在1995年9月in the morning在上午in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上in the 21st century在二十一世纪in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻即在来年,在某月,在某年某月 (但在某年某月某日则用on),在四季

14、,在第几周等都要用in。例:in 1986 在1986年 in March 在三月 in December 1986 1986年12月 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周2,阳光、灯、阴、衣、冒 in, 即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 例:Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light.

15、 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。 He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。 The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛 以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 the woman in white (black, y

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