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1、英语摘要的写作范文 摘要(summary)是一种对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。 摘要写作(summarywriting)是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力。因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生
2、来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。 1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(themaintheme)和各段的段落大意(themainidea)。 2)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。 3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4)草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲,以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点: (1)摘要应包括原文中的主要事实
3、(mainfacts);略去不必要的细节(unnecessarydetails)。 (2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。 (3)注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。 (4)尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句。 (5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。 请阅读下面这篇约500词的原文。并要求写出约150词的摘要。 HowNewYorkBecameAmericasLargestCity Inthe18thcenturyNewYorkwassmallerthanPhila
4、delphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howcanthechangeinitssizeandimportancebeexplained? Toanswerthisquestionwemustconsidercertainfactsaboutgeography,history,andeconomics.TogetherthesethreewillexplainthehugegrowthofAmericasmostfamouscity. ThemapoftheNortheastshowsthatfourofthemostheavilyp
5、opulatedareasinthisregionarearoundseaports.AtthesepointsmaterialsfromacrosstheseaentertheUnitedStates,andtheproductofthelandaresentthereforexportacrossthesea. Economistsknowthatplaceswheretransportationlinesmeetaregoodplacesformakingrawmaterialsintofinishedgoods.Thatiswhyseaportsoftenhavecitiesnearb
6、y.ButcitieslikeNewYorkneededmorethantheirgeographicallocationinordertobeegreatindustrialcenters.Theirdevelopmentdidnothappensimplybychance. About1815,whenmanyAmericansfromtheeastcoasthadalreadymovedtowardthewest,traderoutesfromtheportstothecentralregionsofthecountrybegantobeaseriousproblem.Theslowwa
7、gonsofthattime,drawnbyhorsesoroxen,weretooexpensiveformovingheavyfreightveryfar.AmericanshadlongadmiredEuropescanals.InNewYorkStateacanalseemedthebestsolutiontothetransportationproblem.FromtheeasternendofLakeErieallthewayacrossthestatetotheHudsonRiverthereisalongstripoflowland.HeretheErieCanalwascon
8、structed.Afterseveralyearsofworkitwaspletedin1825. Thecanalproducedanimmediateeffect.Freightcostswerecuttoaboutone-tenthofwhathadbeen.NewYorkCity,whichhadbeensmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston,quicklybecametheleadingcityofthecoast.Intheyearsthatfollowed,transportationroutesontheGreatLakeswerejoinedtor
9、outesontheMississippiRiver.ThenNewYorkCitybecametheendpointofagreatinlandshippingsystemthatextendedfromtheAtlanticOceanfarupthewesternbranchesoftheMississippi. Theingoftherailroadsmadecanalshippinglessimportant,butittiedNewYorkevenmorecloselytothecentralregionsofthecountry.Itwaseasierforpeopleinthec
10、entralstatestoshiptheirgoodstoNewYorkforexportoverseas. ExportsfromNewYorkweregreaterthanimports.Consequently,shippingpanieswereeagertofilltheirshipswithpassengersonthereturntripfromEurope.PassengerscouldefromEuropeverycheaplyasaresult. ThusNewYorkbecamethegreatestportforreceivingpeoplefromEuropeanc
11、ountries.Manyofthesepeopleremainedinthecity.OthersstayedinNewYorkforafewweeks,months,oryears,andthenmovedtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.ForthesegreatnumberofnewAmericansNewYorkhadtoprovidehomes,goods,andservices.Theirlaborhelpedthecitybeegreat.(498words) Hereisthesummaryofabovepassage. HowNewYorkBeca
12、meAmericasLargestCity NewYorkwasoncesmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston,butnowitisAmericaslargestcitybecauseofgeography,historyandeconomics. NewYorkwaslocatedattheseaportwherematerialswereimportedtotheUSandtheproductsoftheUSweresentabroadacrossthesea.ThecitywasfurtherdevelopedwhentheErieCanalwaspletedi
13、n1825.ThislinkedLakeErietoNewYorkviatheHudsonRiverandthecostoftransportinggoodstothosewhohadsettledinlandwascutdown.Inaddition,theGreatLakesweresoonlinkedtotheMississippi.Later,railroadstiedNewYorkclosertothecentralstates,whosegoodswereexportedviaNewYork.Fewergoodswereimported,socheappassageswereava
14、ilablefromEurope.NewYorkbecamethemainportforreceivingEuropeans,manyofwhomstayedinthecityandhelpeditbeegreat.(150words) 初稿完成后要检查修改。看主要内容是否已包含进去,内容是否前后连贯,是否存在语法、拼写、标点符号等方面的错误。另外,在表达方式上要求直截了当、开门见山,不要拖泥带水、迂回曲折。在修改时要注意下面几个具体问题。 (1)省略。用来说明要点的细节可省略,可去掉修饰性的描述。摘要的特点是质朴、简洁、扼要,因此没有必要采用修辞手法润饰文章中的人或物。 (2)缩减。如果原文中使用好几个句子来说明某一问题或解释事理,在摘要中只保留一个就可以了。 (3)替代。在摘要中要使用最简短的承接语,如用but替代较长的表达方式ontheotherhand,用suddenly替代allofasudden,用finally替代atlast等。