《（5年高考3年模拟a版）浙江省2020年高考英语总复习 专题十 主旨要义课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（5年高考3年模拟a版）浙江省2020年高考英语总复习 专题十 主旨要义课件（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题十 主旨要义,高考英语（浙江专用）,一、仔细审题 首先要明确题目的要求是best title还是main idea, 如果是main idea,要搞 清楚是问某一段还是全文的中心思想。正确选项的特点是:一般不出现 细节信息;不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。 二、利用段落主旨句概括文章的中心 段落主旨句是解主旨要义题时的重要参考信息。主旨句有两个功能:一 是介绍段落的主题,二是控制段落中句子阐述的内容。文章的主旨一定 和这些段落主旨句有密切的关系。,方法技巧,如果有主旨句,主旨句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在段落中 间。在非故事性文章中,主旨句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主旨句, 而是把主题隐
2、含在段意之中。 1.主旨句位于段首 主旨句位于段首是因作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。 这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明 文中,有60%90%的主旨句是段落的第一句。这样的段落模式可用倒 三角()来表示。 (1)寻找主旨句 有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词语,常见的信息词语有for exam- ple,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last, finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。,在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词
3、语确定主旨句的位置。从段落中的 for example可以断定前一句是主旨句。如果无明显的信息词语,可先假 设第一句为主旨句,在第二句前面添加一个for example,看看第二句是 否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找 出主旨句。 (2)选择答案 先彻底弄懂主旨句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C和D四个选项,选择与主旨 句句意相吻合的答案,如主旨句的再现、主旨句句意的复述或推论等, 排除与主旨句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实 等。,2.主旨句位于段末 主旨句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后作结论的手法。这种段落称 作归纳型段落。这种段落的模式可用正三角(
4、)来表示。 3.主旨句位于段落的中间 主旨句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并 非主旨句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句就可能是主 旨句。此外,主旨句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱 形()来表示。这种图形可看作是和的合二为一( )。这种段落 从支撑细节开始,发展到结论(出现主旨句),当主旨句出现后,又进一步 用细节支持说明,其安排顺序是:次要主要次要。,4.主旨句隐含在段意之中 有些段落没有明显的主旨句,其中心思想包含在各个句子中,这就要求 读者依据已知的细节,归纳出段落的中心思想。这种段落模式可用正方 形()来表示。 例 Helsinki is
5、 offering young people the chance to rent a cheap apart- ment in an old peoples home,if they agree to spend time socializing with the elderly residents. The city council is seeking applications from renters under the age of 25 who will commit to spending between three and five hours each week with t
6、heir older neighbours,at a care home in the eastern Laajasalo district.In exchange,theyll get a studio flat measuring 23 square meters with a pri- vate kitchen,bathroom and balcony for 250 euros per month.,Currently only three flats are available, but the scheme is part of a wider effort to deal wit
7、h a lack of accommodation for young people in the capital. Ordinarily a studio costs about 600 euros a month,depending on the area, one local university advises. Those who apply dont need any specific care experience.“There are staff to look after the elderly,”project manager Miki Mielonen says.“We
8、are looking for young people who maybe have a different perspective on ev- eryday life,who will bring variety and recreation to the elderly residents.” More than 60 people have applied for the spaces in less than a week,and the idea has also been widely recognized by Finns on social media.“Great pro
9、ject!Hopefully it will spread to other areas,”writes one person on,Facebook,while another applauds the scheme for bringing different genera- tions together. But some wish it were open to more people,with one user saying,“Its a shame that the flats are so small.It would have been nice if the elderly
10、had a small family with children or a single parent as their neighbour.”And one person has a different opinion about the cut-off age,writing,“Shame Im too old for thisI would have surely applied.” What would be the best title of the text? A.Young Finns offered cheap flats at a care home B.New apartm
11、ents designed for the elderly C.A new approach to caring for the old D.A good chance for the needy families,分析 本文第一段就是主旨句赫尔辛基给年轻人提供以低廉的租 金在养老院租房子的机会。而这个主旨句也是整个文章的主旨。这样 的主旨句就可以帮助我们判断文章的主旨。本题选A。 三、结合文章的高频词和核心词 一般文章的主旨或标题都是文章的核心词。那么我们在阅读时就要特 别注意出现频率比较高的词汇,这些词就是文章的核心词汇。包含有高 频词的选项大多是正确选项。核心词把握不准,以偏概全或过度概
12、括是 主旨要义题常见的错误。,例 Seamounts are mountains, usually volcanoes, which rise up from the sea floor. Some of the volcanoes are extinct; some are still active. But they are hard to find because they do not reach the surface of the water. Scien- tists say seamounts cover nearly 29 million square kilometers
13、of this planet under the sea. Marine(海洋的)life gathers at seamounts because they carry nutrient-rich water upward from the sea floor. In September, 2016, a group of scientists set out to explore Cook Seamount which rises almost 4,000 meters from the Pacific Ocean floor about 160 kilometers off the is
14、land of Hawaii. Humans had never seen it up close be- fore. Three people went in a submarine(潜水艇)down to over 900 meters below,the ocean surface to the top of the seamount. As the blue waters became darker, underwater creatures that chemically create their own light began to swim past the submarine.
15、 The scientists found several kinds of deep sea corals(珊瑚虫)on the seamounts sides. These included a possible new species of coral they named “Purple Haze”. Conservation International and the University of Hawaii worked together for the trip to Cook Seamount. Greg Stone, the lead scientist, said,“Thi
16、s three-day research is the start of an effort to survey seamounts throughout the Pacific Ocean over the next five years. And we hope to study a total of 50 seamounts.”He said humans had little knowledge about seamounts, but they were a“key part”of what drives the ocean. Stone said he wanted to,find out what is living on the seamounts and how they support ocean life. “From that,” he said. “we will understand ocean health, which relates directly to human health.” M.Sanjayan is
