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1、关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性 定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句 中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人， which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这 种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在 口语中。如：,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? 2. Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? 3. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.,介词的选用原则 1) 根据定语从
2、句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,pay money for sth.为固定搭配,2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I
3、stayed there.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,在month前介词要用in,3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关 系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？,含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
4、This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.,正,误, The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.,正,误,以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或t
5、hat引导，而且通常可以省略。如： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom
6、 are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他 都很好。,1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,1. Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?,on which,Use proper prepositions and relative
7、 pronouns to fill in the blanks.,for which,3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.,from which,about which,of which,6. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wres
8、tling. 7. This is the book _ I am looking for.,to whom,which,The attributive clause introduced by when, where and why.,Look ! What day is it today? Why are they getting together again? Today is March, 12th when people get together to plant trees!,-Where is it? -It is the basketball court. It is a pl
9、ace where we can play basketball indoors.,-That is Mrs. Green and she has asked for a leave for her giving a birth to her kid. -That is the reason why she doesnt come to work as usual.,定语从句中关系副词的用法,1. 定语从句中关系副词有： when, where, why 2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语。
10、,He remembered the day when I arrived in this big city. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time.,when 作时间状语，意为 on the day,where 作地点状语，意为in the place,why作原因状语，意为for the reason,Detailed explanation,when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词为time, day,
11、 morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。,我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。,我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑做的时代。,We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.,I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.,where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, c
12、ountry等，亦可用“介词+ which”替代。,Can you tell me the company where he works?,你能告诉我他工作的公司吗？,Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.,请把书放在容易找到的地方。,Attention,where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词，如 case(情况), point(地步) situation(情形), position(位置), stage(阶段),What are some situations where body languag
13、e is the only form of communication?,在哪些情形下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？,why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason， 在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词for+ which”替代。,Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?,你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？,3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 We often thin
14、k of the days which we spent together in the countryside.,which在定语从句中作宾语,比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。,We believe the reason that he told us. 比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.,4. 关系副词wh
15、en, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which” where 相当于“in/at/on + which” why 相当于“for + which”,Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum? Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it. This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.,结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系： “介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如： 王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。 这个句子有以下三种表达方式：,The facto
