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1、Unit 10 Youre supposed to shake hands. Section A1. What are people in Korea supposed to do when they meet for the first time?韩国人第一次见面的时候应该做些什么?(1)be supposed to是被动结构,be supposed to do sth.表示“(按规定、习惯、安排等)应该做某事”,其中to是动词不定式符号,不是介词,其后要跟动词原形。与should do sth.同义,两者常常可以互相转换。例如:Were supposed to start work at
2、800 every morning.=We should start work at 800 every morning.我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。归纳: be supposed to的用法当be supposed to的主语是“人”时,意为“应该 ;被期望”,它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词should。例如:Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car.每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。当be supposed to的主语是“物”时,它表示“本应;本该”,用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。例如:The tr
3、ain was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.火车本应在半小时之前到达。be supposed to后面接“have+过去分词”时,表示“本应该做某事而没做”。例如:He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.他应该一小时前就到了。be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to,它常用于口语中,意为“不被许可;不应当”。例如:You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。be supposed to还可以用于表示“被认为
4、是、被相信是”。例如:They are supposed to be very clever.人们认为他们很聪明。(2)for the first time“首次,第一次”,其相对短语为for the last time “最后一次”。例如:For the first time,I went to Shanghai.我第一次去了上海。I met such a problem for the first time.我第一次遇到这样的问题。归纳:for the first time“第一次”,与“从未”对立,是一个表时间的介词短语,在句子中作时间状语,常用于完成时。而the first time
5、“第一次”,与“第二次、第三次”对立,相当于一个从属连词,常用于过去式或现在时。根据上下文具体情况,可以用as soon as/when来解释。例如:I loved this picture the first time I saw it.我第一次看到这幅画就喜欢上它了。2. .greeted Pauls mother the wrong way和保罗妈妈打招呼的方式不合适(1)greet作及物动词,“和打招呼;迎接”,可以直接在后面加宾语,greet somebody问候/招呼某人。例如:She greeted him with a smile.她微笑着跟他打招呼。We should kno
6、w how to greet others before we come to a party.在我们参加聚会之前,应该知道如何问候别人。其名词形式为greeting,意思是“问候”。(2)way在本句中作“方式;方法”解,the wrong way前省略了介词in。当way构成短语“用方式(方法)”时,常加介词in,如果way前有this,that,the等词,尤其在口语中,in the same way,in this(that) way,in another way等词组里的in经常省略。例如:He finished the task the best way.他以最好的方法完成了那项任
7、务。I think youve put it together the wrong way.我认为你把它装错了。He went this(that,the other) way.他朝着这(那,另一)边走了。3. .and as soon as I held out my hand,he bowed.我刚伸出手,他就对我鞠了一躬。as soon as意为“一就”,这里连接两个句子都为过去时态。例如:As soon as I got to the bus stop,the bus started.我刚到公共汽车站,汽车就开了。易错警醒当主句为一般将来时态时,as soon as后面的从句要用一般现
8、在时表将来时。例如:Ill write you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你来信。4. Where Im from,were pretty relaxed about time.在我的国家,我们对时间都很随意。(1)where Im from是一个由地点副词where引导的地点状语从句,相当于in/at/to+the place+where+从句,意为“在地方”,此处where Im from意为“我从哪里来”,即“我来的地方”,也就是“在我的国家”。例如:Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。(2)pret
9、ty意思是“很,非常”,pretty用作副词,主要用于非正式场合的口语中。例如:Her sister is still pretty sick.她的姐姐仍然病得相当厉害。The wind blew pretty hard.风刮得很猛。归纳pretty还可作形容词“美丽的,漂亮的”。例如:What a pretty house!多漂亮的房子啊!The pretty music made me relaxed.这首优美的乐曲让我很放松。(3)relaxed作形容词,意为“轻松的;不紧张的”,可作定语修饰名词,也可作表语。常用短语为be relaxed about,表示“对某物感到放松、随意;不加以
10、拘束的”。例如:She had a relaxed smile on her face.她面带轻松的微笑。Children like a relaxed style of teaching.孩子们喜欢令人感到轻松的教学方式。He is relaxed about his breakfast.他对早餐较随意。辨析：relaxed与relaxingrelaxed一般指人感觉“放松的,轻松地”,常修饰人;relaxing是事物“令人放松的,令人松懈的,轻松愉悦的”,一般修饰物。例如:The trip was relaxing,so he felt relaxed.旅途很轻松,所以他感到很轻松。5.
11、If you tell a friend youre going to their house for dinner,its OK if you arrive a bit late.如果你告诉一个朋友你打算去他们家吃晚饭,迟到一会儿没关系。(1)此句是一个较复杂的复合句,句中两个if引导的从句不同,第一个if引导的是条件状语从句,并且句中含有宾语从句;第二个if引导的是主语从句,主语从句可以直接放在句首,也可以用it来代替作形式主语放在句首,而将主语从句放在末尾。例如:I dont know if he will come. If he comes,Ill tell you.我不知道他会不会来
12、,如果他来了,我会告诉你的。(2)a bit意思是“有点,一些”,可以用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,相近的短语有a little,rather,kind of“有点,相当”。例如:Will you please turn down the radio a bit?请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗?Shes feeling a bit tired.她感到有点疲劳。归纳a bit还可修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度较低。例如:Her mother feels a bit/a little better today. (修饰比较级)她母亲今天感觉好一些。a bit还可以修饰名词,但是要用a bit of
13、,相当于a little。例如:Tom has a little money.=Tom has a bit of money.汤姆有一点钱。There is a bit of water in the bottle.杯子里有点水。(3)tell在本句中作及物动词,表示“告诉;告知”。tell sb.+(that)从句,其中可省略that,表示“告诉某人”。本句中youre going to their house for dinner就是省略了that的宾语从句。例如:He told us(that)his experiment was quite a success.他告诉我们,他的实验相当
14、成功。归纳tell后还可加双宾语,即tell sb. sth.表示“告诉某人某事”;或由wh-引导的从句。例如:Please tell me what I should do next.请告诉我下一步该做什么。Tell me where you live.告诉我你住哪儿。6. We dont usually have to make plans to meet our friends.我们通常不会计划好和朋友见面。make plans to do sth.表示“计划做某事”,plan为可数名词,表示“计划;打算”。例如:Were making plans to visit some famou
15、s cities this summer.我们正计划今年夏天去一些著名城市旅行。We made a plan to go hiking yesterday.昨天我们计划去徒步旅行。归纳plan还可以作为动词来用,后面可跟不定式,即plan to do sth. “计划做某事”,也可以用plan on doing sth.来表达。例如:Were planning to visit Tibet this summer.今年夏天,我们计划去西藏参观。Dont plan on visiting Beijing in winter,because its too windy and cold.不要计划在冬天参观北京,因为天气太冷了,风又大。7. We often just walk around the town center,seeing as many of our friends as we can!通常我们在市中心散步,就能尽可能多地见到我们的朋友!(1)这个句子中的seeing as many of our friends as we can是现在分词短语作状语。现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。它的逻
