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1、Planning Process Baselining,程序基线,3,Collecting Data to Characterize the Current Process Output (Y),The objective is to report how the process is performing at present. Short Term Variation Long term process capability Variation Centering Stability How are the independent variables changing as the pro
2、cess runs its course?,Data collection will be designed to answer these questions,4,收集数据用以描述目前程序结果(Y),以汇报目前程序运行情况为目标。 短期差异 长期程序能力 差异 集中 稳定 各独立的变量是如何在程序运行过程中发生差异的。,数据收集专为回答这些问题而设计。,5,The Effects of Variation,There are two types of variation. Common Cause Variation Variation that is inherent in the exi
3、sting process Assignable (Special) Cause Variation Variation that can be segregated and assigned to a specific cause.,Our process analysis methods will be planned to enable us to separate and evaluate both kinds of variation.,6,差异的影响,差异存在两种。 常规原因的差异 差异固定存在于现有程序中。 （特殊）原因的差异 差异可以被隔离并被归因于一特定原因。,程序分析方法将
4、使我们能有效分离及评估两种差异。,7,Common Cause Variation,This variation is present in every process. It cannot be controlled or reduced with the existing technology. It limits the process capability. In process baselining, we measure this variation by the amount of variation in the short term subgroups, often call
5、ed rational subgroups. sST will record the common cause variation and ZST will report the Short Term Capability. Another term for Common Cause Variation is Residual. Since this variation is related to process technology, a poor ZST will generally indicate a need for addressing part or process design
6、 issues.,8,常规原因的差异,此差异存在于每一程序中。 运用现有技术是不能控制或减少此差异。 此差异限制了程序能力。 在程序基线内，我们运用短期子群内的差异量来测量差异，短期子群即为通常所称的合理子群。 sST记录常规差异， ZST报告短期能力。 常规原因的差异的另一术语为残差。 由于差异与程序技术相关联，因此一个相对差的ZST会显示需要重新描述部分程序设计。,9,Assignable Cause Variation,This variation is the result of outside influences on a process that cause it to shif
7、t and drift. It is potentially controllable with the existing technology It will affect the process performance over time. We plan the process baselining in such a way as to maximize the opportunity for capturing the affect of assignable cause variation. sLT will record the total assignable cause va
8、riation. ZLT will report the total long term capability. In order to address this variation, well need to know how the various vital factors contribute to causing it. This will be the objective of Analyze.,10,可归属原因的差异,这种差异是外来因素影响程序运行的结果。 运用现有的技术有潜在的可能来控制此差异。 随着时间的推移，此差异将会影响到程序运行。 我们所计划的程序基线是以最能捕获可归属
9、原因的差异为基本。 sLT记录总体可归属原因的差异， ZLT能报告总体长期能力。 为了描述此差异，我们需要知道各种对于引起此差异起相当作用的重要因素。这就是分析的目的。,11,Examples of Assignable Cause Variation,Transportation Type vehicle Type Roads Location of Terminus Weather Raw Materials / Supplies Percent Regrind Material Properties People Experience Training Environment Tempe
10、rature Humidity Manufacturing Tool Wear Shut height Commercial Internet connection speed Keystrokes,12,特殊原因变化举例,运输 车辆类型 道路类型 终点位置 天气 原料/供应 再研磨百分率 原料属性 人 经验 培训 环境 温度 湿度 制造 工具磨损 模具冲压尺寸 商用 互联网连接速度 键击,13,Rational Subgroup Data,A Rational subgroup is a small collection of samples taken over a short perio
11、d of time or in similar conditions. We believe the data is as free as possible from multiple levels of assignable causes. It is a snapshot of the process. Multiple Rational Subgroup samples are the basis for quantifying process variation to reflect both short term and long term capability. Collectin
12、g data in this manner allows us to characterize: Technology (Short Term) vs Control (Long Term) Centering vs. Spread,Characterizing the issues is a Giant Step towards resolving them,14,合理子集数据,合理子集指的是在短时期或在相似条件下获得的一小组样本的集合。我们认为这些数据可以自由获取于不同级别可归属的原因。 这是对程序的快照。 多重合理子集样本是量化程序差异的基本，可同时反映短期和长期的能力。 这样的数据收集
13、方式使我们能够描述： 技术（短期） vs 控制（长期） 集中 vs. 离散,描述问题是解决问题的重大步骤,15,Short Term Capability,ZST (Z Short Term)is a measure of technological capability. Internal process variation drives short term capability. ZST is calculated assuming the process is centered on the process target. The goal for ZST is 6.0. Short
14、Term Capability is also known as Process Entitlement Process Potential Technology of the Process,The measure ZST is the best your process can be.,16,短期能力,ZST (Z 短期 ）是技术能力的测量方法。 内部程序变化驱动短期能力。 ZST的计算基于下列假设，即该程序是集中以程序目标为中心。 ZST的目标值为6.0。 短期能力应被概括为 程序应有能力 程序潜能 程序技术,ZST能使你的程序最优化,17,Long Term Capability,ZL
15、T (Z Long Term) is a measure of the total variation of the process output over time. Data collection period must be long enough or under a range of conditions that allow opportunity for external factors to influence the process. Both Process Variation and Process Control drive long term capability.
16、ZLT is calculated using the actual measured mean of the data. The Long Term Capability represents what the customer sees. The goal for ZLT is 4.5 ZLT is also called Process Performance,18,长期能力,ZLT (Z 长期) 是程序结果总体差异的测量方法。 数据收集时期必须足够长，或在一定范围条件下允许外来因素有机会影响到程序发展。 程序差异和程序控制驱动长期能力。 ZLT 使用实际测量获得数据的平均做计算依据。 长期能力代表客户所见到的部分。 ZLT 的目标值是 4.5。 ZLT 也被叫做流程绩效。,19,Z - A Measure of Process Capability,Z Short Term Z Short Term is measured using observed variation and the target mean. The Z reporte
