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1、第六讲特殊句式强调句与省略句全析考法单句语法填空1(2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 解析:that句意:直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候,我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It is(was)被强调部分that其余部分”,本句强调的是时间状语从句。2(2017天津高考改编)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new
2、neighbors.解析:that句意:正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此处为强调句型its .that .,被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。3(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.解析:that句意:你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is和空格处后是一个完整的句子,因此本句是一个强调句,填that。谨记规则1强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可
3、对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人,且作主语时,可用who或that,其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解,父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。特别注意强调主语时,要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的
4、进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分?Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分?When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?特别注意由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved h
5、er son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。(4)not . until的强调句型结构:It is/was not until . that句子其他部分。It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性。2强调谓语动词It is/was .who/that .结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all ab
6、out it.她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。3状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片,除非有说明,否则,都追溯到20世纪50 年代。4动词不
7、定式的省略在主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略;在同一句话或同一情景对话中,当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边,但是警察不允许他这样做。5so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在Im afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I
8、 believe等开头的答句中。Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗?I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。6常用的if相关的省略结构if ever如果曾经发生过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话倒装与其他特殊句式全析考法单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply_ (press) the button and a highlytrain
9、ed agent will get you the help you need. 解析:press句意:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句and陈述句”结构,所以用动词原形。2(2017江苏高考改编)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析:Were句意:如果没有老师的支持,这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句,if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。3(2016江苏
10、高考改编)Not until recently _(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.解析:did句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装,此处指过去所发生的动作,应使用一般过去时。4(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words. “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”_解析:TurningTurn最后一句为祈
11、使句,并和上文中的“Speed up!”和“Slow down!”并列,故改为动词原形Turn。谨记规则(一)倒装1部分倒装(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., not only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my jo
12、b did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。(2)“only状语”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such . that . 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did
13、he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.上周我看了哈利波特这部电影,她也看了。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首,构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound, if
14、youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪,但是如果你不满意,问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法,而是你根本就没有愿望。(6)在非真实条件句中,条件句中的if省略时,助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home如果明天下雨,我不得不待在家里。(7)“may动词原形”表示祝愿时,通常将may置于句首,构成倒装语序。May
15、 you succeed.祝你成功。2全部倒装(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门,一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调,将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other gue