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1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才【阅读理解插花】The more hours young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said t
2、his correlation(相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys. What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn ou
3、t aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. Whats more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability suc
4、h as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”. The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1, 300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: Ho
5、w should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers, resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms? That debate was already on display at a new briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data a
6、nd its implications(含义). “There is a constant relationship between time in child care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression, ” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed womens groups because of his criti
7、cisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers? ” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families, ” responded Belsky. “NICHD
8、is not willing to get into policy recommendations, ” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solutionmore hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may h
9、ave implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics. ” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adver
10、sely(不利地)affects children. Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades. 【文章大意】本文讲述儿童早期在托管所的成长对孩子的心理有负面影响。1. Children who spend more time in quality child care will _
11、. A. develop greater ability in languageB. be easy to manage and less naughtyC. possess great risk-taking spiritD. be greedy and mean to their classmates【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Whats more, quality child care is associated with increased skills. . . ”可知A项培养更强的语言能力表述正确。2. What is still unknown about the
12、 children in kindergarten? A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care. B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families. C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care. D. Whether longer child care improves intellectu
13、al ability in children. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. (不确定的是, 是否托管所真能导致这些问题, 以及是否可能有攻击性的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里待时间长的孩子。)”可知, 答案C(攻击性是
14、否是长时间待在托管所的直接结果。)和上文表述一致, 故选C。3. In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means “_”. A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendationsB. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child careC. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantlyD. parents should discipli
15、ne the behavior of their children more strictly【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据上文Jay Belsky的观点“There is a constant relationship between time in child care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression, ”(托管时间和问题行为有特定的联系, 特别是涉及攻击性方面)。故这里的it指的是“托管时间应该减少”。 教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The eart
16、h was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded 1. (loud) with fire and rock. They were in time 2. (produce) many things, which were to make the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 3. (harm) gases. Then life began to develop.The first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas
