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1、Internet Protocol,Overview,1.0 TCP/IP and the DoD Model 2.0 IP Addressing 3.0 Subnetting,1.0 TCP/IP and the DoD Model,1.1 Comparison of Dod and OSI Model 1.2 The TCP/IP protocol suite 1.3 The Process / Application layer Protocols 1.4 The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols 1.5 The Internet Layer Protocols,
2、1.1 Comparison of DoD and OSI Model (1),The TCP/IP suite was created by the DoD The DoD model is a condensed version of the OSI model,Application,Presentation,Session,Transport,Network,Data Link,Physical,Process / Application,Host-to-Host,Internet,Network Access,DoD Model,OSI Model,Node-to-node appl
3、ication communication Controls user-interface specifications,Setting up the level of transmission service for applications,Takes care IP address and designate protocols for logical transmission of packets over the entire network,Oversees hardware addressing and defines protocols for the physical tra
4、nsmission of data,1.1 Comparison of DoD and OSI Model (2),TCP/IP Model,OSI Model,1.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite,Process / Application,Telnet,TCP,UDP,IP,ICMP,ARP,LAN Technologies: Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI,WAN Technologies: Serial Lines, Frame Relay, ATM,RARP,Host-to-Host,Internet,Netw
5、ork Access,FTP,TFTP,SMTP,LPD,SNMP,NFS,X Window,BootP/ DHCP,DNS,IGMP,1.3 The Process / Application Layer Protocols,Telnet Telephone Network FTP File Transfer Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol NFS Network File System SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol LPD Line Printer Daemon X Window writin
6、g a GUI-based client/server applications DNS Domain Name Service (DNS) BootP Bootstrap Protocol DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,1.4 The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols,To shield the upper-layer applications from the complexities of the network TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Break down dat
7、a from upper layers into Segment Numbers and sequences each segment Connection-oriented virtual circuit required User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Break down data but not sequence the segment Thin protocol which doesnt take up much bandwidth on a network Connectionless no virtual circuit required, thus u
8、nreliable For sending little message and reliability accomplished at the upper layers,1.4a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),Connection-oriented Session is established before exchanging data Virtual circuit required Reliable Delivery Sequence numbers Acknowledgments (ACKs) Doesnt trust the lower l
9、ayers and runs its own CRC Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate,1.4b TCP Three-Way Handshake,Application,Transport,Internet,Network,Data,Application,Transport,Internet,Network,Data, ACK (+start byte),ACK,1.4c TCP Segment Format,1.4d User Datagram Protocol (UDP),Connectionless No session is
10、established Does Not Guarantee Delivery No sequence numbers No acknowledgments Low overhead Reliability Is the Responsibility of the Application Doesnt trust the lower layers and runs its own CRC Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate,1.4e UDP Segment Format,Low overhead No sequence number No
11、 Acknowledgement number No windows size,Transport,Application,Internet,Network,1.4f Ports Numbers (1),TCP and UDP must use port numbers to communicate with the upper layers. Port numbers keep track of different conversations crossing the network simultaneously.,0 . . . 65535,0 . . . 65535,TCP Ports
12、20,21,UDP Port 69,TCP Port 80,Windows Sockets Interface,TCP Protocol No. 6,UDP Protocol No. 17,IP,TCP Port 25,UDP Port 53,UDP Port 110,UDP Port 161,1.4g Port Numbers (2),No. below 1024 Well-known port no. defined in RFC 1700 Usually in destination port to tell the receiving host the purpose of the i
13、ntended connection No. 1024 and above used by upper layers (randomly chosen) to set up sessions with other hosts Used by TCP to use as source and destination addresses in the TCP segment Usually in Source port to differentiate between sessions with different source hosts,1.5 The Internet Layer Proto
14、cols,For routing and providing a single network interface to the upper layer layers. All network paths through the model go through IP. Protocols works at the Internet Layer: Internet Protocol (IP) essentially is the Internet Layer, and other protocols found here merely exist to support it. Internet
15、 Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP),1.5a Internet Protocol (IP),Addresses and Routes Packets according to the Routing Table Fragments and Reassembles Datagrams / Packets Connectionless No session is established Nonguaranteed “
16、Best Effort” Delivery Reliability Is the Responsibility of Higher-Layer Protocols and Applications,1.5b IP header,* Protocol number: 01 ICMP, 06 TCP, 17 UDP, etc.,1.5c Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP),Management Protocol and messaging service provider for IP. In router solicitation, ICMP is used to send the following events and messages (in the Data area): Destination Unreachable Buffer Full Hops Ping Traceroute,1.5d
