《2019版高三英语一轮复习 第2部分 语法专题突破 专题2 名词和冠词教师用书 北师大版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019版高三英语一轮复习 第2部分 语法专题突破 专题2 名词和冠词教师用书 北师大版（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题二名词和冠词一、名词全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017全国卷)This trend，.，has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.2(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electricpowered engines
2、and lifts.1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；2给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；3名词的固定搭配。短文改错1.(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the wordwords，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” 【导学号：33220097】2(2017全国卷)Besides，they often get some useful informationsinformation from the Internet.1.可数名词单复数的错用；2混淆名词的可数与不可数。(对应学生用书第174页)名词的数先试做题组.单句
3、语法填空1(2016四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.2(2017淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.单句改错Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a再解读要点名词按其词汇意
4、义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有单复数之分。1可数名词复数的变化规则(1)名词复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加sbooks，horses，beds，pages以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加esglasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach stomachs)以辅音字母y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加es；以元音字母y结尾的名词，直接加scities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加sradios，p
5、hotos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes)以f或fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加es；少数词尾加shalf halves，knife knives，leaf leaves；roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs(2) 名词复数的不规则变化单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式， 方法)，series，species词形变化：man men，woman women，child children，tooth teeth，foot feet，mouse mice，ox oxen合成名词的
6、复数：passerby passersby，lookeron lookerson，grownup grownups，standby standbys名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：woman doctor women doctors，man waiter men waiters(3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks，congratulations，trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，spirits(情绪)，instructions(操作说明)，directions(用法说明)，papers(试
7、卷， 文件)，times(时代)等。2抽象名词具体化名词的固定搭配先试做题组.单句语法填空1I have no hesitation(hesitate) in recommending her for the job.2(江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes(mistake)，the teacher pointed them out with patience.单句改错Many parents in China always attach too much important to words，ordering their children to do this or t
8、hat.importantimportance 【导学号：33220098】再解读要点名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词名词介词”和“介词名词”。常考的高频短语：1介词名词with patience耐心地by chance/accident偶然at a loss不知所措 in advance提前in favor of支持， 赞成 on purpose故意地beyond recognition无法辨认in great demand需求量很大2动词名词介词have/gain access to可以获得take advantage of利用， 趁之机make use of利用find fault
9、with挑的错keep pace with与同步put an end to结束take notice of注意到catch sight of看见do damage to损害attach importance to重视take the place of取代， 代替take pride in以自豪take possession of占有make preparations for为做准备make contributions to对做出贡献技法点拨名词与语法填空名词与短文改错1.词性转换题：“句子成分”是关键(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式；(2)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或
10、形容词性物主代词所修饰，要考虑名词形式；1.遇到名词，首先想到是可数名词还是不可数名词；2看到several，a few，many，one of，three，a number of等要想到名词应用复数形式； 2名词复数题：“牢记规则”辨是非(1)如果空格处被these，several，many和数词等修饰时，要考虑名词的复数形式；(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。3看到information，advice，progress，knowledge等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式；4看到冠词等修饰词，要想到应用名词形式；5形容词和名词都可作表语，但形容
11、词作表语说明主语的特点(how)，名词作表语则说明主语的身份、职业等(what)。二、冠词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017全国卷)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.2(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.近五年高考对冠词的考查主要集中在冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常
12、见的固定搭配中的冠词上。短文改错1.(2017全国卷)They live far from the school，and it takes them about aan/one hour and a half to go to work every day.2(2017全国卷)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.1.不定冠词a和an的错用；2不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；3单数可
13、数名词前冠词的缺失；4冠词的多余；5常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。(对应学生用书第176页)不定冠词先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2017重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great，” said Jim，and I hope to see a second.2(2015四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 【导学号：33220099】.单句改错(2017山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina n
14、early got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.在第二个car前加a再解读要点不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。1不定冠词的基本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fig
15、ht like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”相当于a certain。Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？Sorry，but I dont think theres a John in our class.对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。(3)用在“beofa/an名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same名词。The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (of the sa
