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1、,Grammar,第四部分 句法篇从句与句式,专题1 定语从句 专题2 名词性从句 专题3 并列句和状语从句 专题4 主谓一致和特殊句式,PART 1,高频考点清单,PART 2,重温高考真题,PART 3,热考点集训,专题3 并列句和状语从句,PART 1,高频考点清单,框架结构图,连词的分类,连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。,并列句与并列连词的核心考点,1.并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 2.常见的并列连词 (1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有an
2、d，not only.but (also).等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. Not only did he speak more correctly，but he (also) spoke more easily. (2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either.or.等。 Either you are right，or I am.,(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。 Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now
3、. Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not. (4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。 It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over. The shops were closed，so I didnt get any milk.,(5)when也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb. was doing sth. when.；sb. was about to do/
4、going to do/on the point of doing sth. when.；sb. had (just) done sth. when.。 We were having a meeting when someone broke in. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. (6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.,从属连词与状语从句,一、时间状语从句 1.before引导的从句中不用否定式谓
5、语。常用如下句型： It will be long before.(得过好久才) It will not be long before.(过不了多久就) It was long before.(过了好久才) It was not long before.(过了不久就),since瞬间动词的过去式(从该动作发生时算起) since持续性动词的过去式(从动作结束时算起,2.since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。,It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smok
6、ed.他戒烟两年了。,3.as，when，while用法一览表。,4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： (1)till，not.until.，until Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock. (2)hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.表示“刚就” We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to ra
7、in. No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.,(3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as意为“一就” He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears. (4)each time，every time Each time he came
8、 to my city，he would call on me.,二、让步状语从句 1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 Although/Though they are poor，(yet) they are warm-hearted. 2.even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。 Ill get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.,3.no
9、matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词-ever”类词。 Dont trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. No matter how/However hard the work is，youd better try to do it well.,4.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语
10、以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。 Child as/though he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I wont buy. Try as he would，he couldnt lift the heavy box. 5.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。,三、原因状语从句：because，as，since，now that 1.
11、表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。 You want to know why Im leaving？Im leaving because Im fed up with the boss. 2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不太重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于主句之前，但有时却相反。 Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyo
12、ne is here，lets start.”,3.下列情况下只能使用because： (1)在回答why的问句时； (2)在用于强调句型时； (3)被not所否定时。 四、地点状语从句：where，wherever等 Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us. 五、目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that 注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。 He got up early so that he
13、 could catch the early train.,六、结果状语从句：that，so that，so.that.，such.that. 注意：so形容词/副词that从句；such名词that从句。 She is so good that we all like her. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 七、方式状语从句：as，as if/though Ill do as I am told. It looks as if it is going to rain. 八、条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as l
14、ong as，in case，once，on condition that等 You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.,九、比较状语从句：than；(not)as/so.as.；not the same as; the比较级，the比较级 He works as hard as others. We treat boys exactly the same as girls. The sun is much bigger than the earth. The more you eat，the fatter you will be
15、.,书面表达中并列句和状语从句易错点聚焦,(一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向： 1.机械排列简单句 I believe I am fit for it.Im writing to apply for the position. 如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子： I believe I am fit for it，so Im writing to apply for the position. 比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。,2.逗号连接两个简单句
16、 Im enthusiastic and easy-going，Im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others. 在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做如下改动： Im enthusiastic and easy-going，so Im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.,(二)对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题： 1.从句意识缺乏 The Expo is very attractive.We are all eager to pay a visit to it. The Expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it. 通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强
