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1、Section Grammar-复习主语和动词语法初识原句感知自主探究Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.They call it AntiArktikos or Antarctica.98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Swimming is a good exercise.Whether he will come is doubtful.I hope to see you so
2、on.He came in and sat down.The student went pale when he saw the teacher.I can easily tell my fathers step.We hadnt walked far when we lost our way.(1)句中的黑体部分在句中均作主语。(2)由句可知，不定式、动名词、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用单数形式。(3)由可知，黑体部分均为动词，句中的黑体部分可直接作谓语，而句中黑体部分不能单独作谓语。语法剖析1主语：主语是句子动作的发出者，是句子叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或
3、“什么”。2主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。通常位于谓语动词前。Many people died during famines every year before liberation.解放前每年有许多人在饥荒中死亡。(名词作主语)Two thirds of these posts are open to fresh college grads.这些岗位中，三分之二是向大学应届毕业生开放的。(数词作主语)The young should respect the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(“the形容词”表示一类人作主语)To decide is
4、 to act.决定即行动。(动词不定式作主语)Being able to participate in the contest is my honour.能参加比赛是我的荣幸。(动名词作主语)What you said has shaken me up.你说的话令我十分震惊。(从句作主语)It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting.我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。(句中it为形式主语，when引导的名词性从句作真正的主语)There is nothing to get excited about.没有什么值得
5、激动的。(there be句型中，主语通常放在be之后)集中演练1画出下面句子中的主语It takes us hours to do our homework every day.答案：It takes us hours_to_do_our_homework every day.One must admire him for his willingness.答案：One_must admire him for his willingness.“How do you do？” is a greeting.答案：“How_do_you_do？” is a greeting.There is a c
6、hemical works over there.答案：There is_a_chemical_works_over there.Five minutes is enough for us to finish the task.答案：Five_minutes is enough for us to finish the task.Learning how to raise the sails, of course, is an important part of a sailors training.答案：Learning_how_to_raise_the_sails,_of course,
7、is an important part of a sailors training.动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词。根据词义及在句中的作用可分为实义动词(或称行为动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。1动词的分类(1)按句法功能分分类用法例句实义动词及物动词及物动词后接宾语意义才完整，如 get, reach 等I have learned 2,000 English words.我已经学了2 000个英语单词。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，其后无需跟宾语Tom went out just now.汤姆刚刚出去了。系动词系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成系表结构，如 be, be
8、come, turn, go, feel等He seems happy.他看起来很幸福。助动词助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语，和主要动词构成各种时态、语态等以及帮助主要动词构成疑问句、否定句或强调句，如 do, have, will 等I have heard of him before.我以前听说过他。情态动词情态动词有一定的词义，主要用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法，如 can, may, must 等You neednt do it right away.你不必立刻做这事。(2)按意义分动态动词延续性动词能持续一段时间的动作，如 learn, live, work 等终止性动词不能
9、持续、瞬间发生的动作，如 open, leave, see 等静态动词stand, remain, like, think, sleep, lie 等名师点津终止性动词常与表示时间点的时间状语连用，若用于否定句，则可以和表示一段时间的状语连用；而延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用。Every day he opens the shop at eight oclock.每天他8点打开店门。They didnt leave home for a month last year.去年他们有一个月的时间未离开家。He has remained silent for 2 hours.他保持沉默两个小时
10、了。2动词的时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在is/am/are/表语动作；动词原形第三人称单数，动词原形(e)sis/am/aredoinghas/have/donehas/have/been doing过去was/were表语动作；动词过去式was/were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall/will动词原形shall/will be doingwill have done过去将来would动词原形would be doingwould have done集中演练2(1)单句语法填空A study last year showed (show)
11、 that about 8 million tons of plastic enters the oceans every year.Languages cannot be taught; they can only be_learned (learn)Mr.Smith, together with his wife and children, is (be) going to visit Beijing next month.On one occasion, he was_trapped (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.He
12、thanked me for helping him as he had_asked (ask)four others before and they told him no.(2)单句改错Last Monday, we hold a monitor election during our class meeting.holdheldI have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education.offered前加beenBetween the two rows of trees stand
13、the teaching building.standstandsShe doesnt her homework in the morning but in the evening.doesnt后加doWe can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.chosechoose链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷语法填空)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they
14、need in their diet.解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。2(2017全国卷语法填空)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.解析：考查时态和语态。在when引导的状语从句中没有谓语，故空格处应为谓语部分，由tastes可知本句的主体时态为一般现在时，fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove之间为被动关系，应用remo
15、ve的被动语态，故填are removed。3(2017全国卷语法填空)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.解析：考查时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且由became可知是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填managed。4(2017北京高考单选改编)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析：考查名词性从句。句意：每年，
