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1、Section Grammar-复习非谓语动词语法初识原句感知自主探究It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.The building being bu
2、ilt is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the year 15031506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.(1)句中黑体部分在句中均作主语。句中黑体部分在句中均作表语。句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)根据句可知，动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语。(3)根据句可知，黑体部分为动词ing形式的被动式，在句中分别作定语和宾语。(4)句中黑体部分为过去分词在句
3、中作状语。语法剖析时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing动词ing形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动词ed形式一般式done集中演练1单句语法填空To_increase (increase) levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Do you mind being_interrup
4、ted (interrupt) while studying?Warned (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Not_having_seen (not see) her for a long time, I missed her very much.His first book to_be_published (publish) next month is based on a true story.The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the m
5、ountain in golden light.1不定式和动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区别(1)不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示具体的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。(2)动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指经常的动作或一般情况。Swimming is a very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。(动词ing 形式 swimming 在句中作主语，表示泛指一般情况)They managed to escape from the burning building.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。(不定式短语 to esca
6、pe from the burning building 在句中作宾语，表示一次性的动作)巧学助记(1)通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：提出要求拒绝难：offer, ask/demand, refuse同意答应会帮忙：agree, promise, help设法做成决心坚：manage, decide/determine/choose计划安排有希望：plan, arrange, desire, would like/love, expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装：fail, pretend(2)通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：允许考虑四建议：allo
7、w/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于坚持多练习：be busy, insist on, practise承认喜欢多盼望：admit, enjoy, look forward to否认拖延可原谅：deny, delay/postpone/put off, excuse避免错过莫放弃：avoid, miss, give up完成冒险没逃避：finish, risk, escape想象之后才感激：imagine, appreciate名师点津(1)有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时，意义完全不同：forgetrememberre
8、gretstoptrymeango oncant helpIll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景。(forget doing sth. 表示“忘记已做过某事”，动名词表示已经完成的动作)Dont forget to carry your camera with you.别忘了带上你的照相机。(forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事”，不定式表示将要去做的事情)They meant to help her carry the box,
9、but she declined.他们想帮她搬那个箱子，但她婉言谢绝了。(mean to do sth. 表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverance does not mean doing the same thing forever.坚持不懈并不意味着永远做同一件事情。(mean doing sth. 表示“意味着做某事”)(2)动词 want, need, require 作“需要”讲时，其后通常接动词ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，这时动词ing 形式的主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered
10、twice a week.这种植物需要一星期浇两次水。(句中 need 为实义动词)2现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区别(1)现在分词(如interesting, exciting, moving, puzzling, surprising)作表语通常用于表示事物的性质特征；过去分词(如interested, excited, moved, puzzled, surprised)作表语，通常用于表示人或人的心理状态。She was puzzled at what to do with it.她不知道怎么处理这件事。The situation was more puzzling than e
11、ver.局势比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)这类过去分词和现在分词还可以作定语修饰名词。一般而言，现在分词修饰表示事物的名词；而过去分词修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词。Hearing the exciting news, he burst into tears.听到这令人激动的消息，他突然大哭起来。Seeing his excited look, I know he has won the match.看到他兴奋的表情，我知道他赢得了比赛。3非谓语动词作定语时的用法区别不定式通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系动词ing 形式现在分词作定语通常有
12、主动进行含义或表示一种状态；动名词作定语通常表示用途动词ed 形式动词ed形式作定语通常有被动(或)完成含义The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my close friend.墙上挂的这幅图画是我的一位密友画的。(现在分词短语 hanging on the wall 作定语，表示一种状态)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批把英语作为外语教学而编写的教科书是在16世纪出版
13、的。(过去分词短语 written for teaching English as a foreign language 作定语表示被动完成含义)Have you got anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？(不定式 to say 作定语，与所修饰的词anything 之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系)4非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的用法区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage .主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成have, notice,
14、 see, watch, hear, feel, let, make .现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel .主谓关系。强调动作正在进行过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Johns mother doesnt allow him to tease the cat.约翰的母亲不允许他戏弄这只猫。(不定式短语 to tease the cat 在句中作宾语补足语)I saw them enter a coffee bar.我看见他们进了一家咖啡馆。(省略 to 的不定式短语 enter a coffee bar 在句中作
15、宾语补足语)I caught George smoking in the toilet.我撞见乔治在厕所抽烟。(现在分词短语 smoking in the toilet 在句中作宾语补足语)David had his car maintained yesterday.昨天戴维让人把车做了保养。(过去分词maintained 在句中作宾语补足语)名师点津如果 have, make, see, hear, notice 等词的复合宾语结构中的宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式，变被动语态时省略的 to 需要还原。He was seen to date Mary yesterday.昨天他被看见和玛丽约会了。(不定式 to date Mary 在句中作主语补足语)5非谓语动词作状语时的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果等状语。To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are activ
