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1、硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 交直流混合微网协同控制及主动负荷响应策 略研究 RESEARCH ON REGULATION SCHEME OF HYBRID AC/DC MICRO-GRID AND RESPONSE BEHAVIOR OF ACTIVE LOAD XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX 2015 年年 6 月月 国内图书分类号：TM76 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号：621.31 密级：公开 工学硕士学位论文工学硕士学位论文 交直流混合微网协同控制及主动负荷响应策 略研究 硕士研究生：XXX 导 师 ：XXX 教授 申请学位：工学硕士 学科：电气工程 所 在 单 位：电气工程及
2、自动化学院 答 辩 日 期：2015 年 6 月 授予学位单位 ：XXXXXXX Classified Index: TM76 U.D.C: 621.31 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering RESEARCH ON REGULATION SCHEME OF HYBRID AC/DC MICRO-GRID AND RESPONSE BEHAVIOR OF ACTIVE LOAD Candidate：XXXXX Supervisor：XX Academic Degree Applied for：Master of Engineerin
3、g Speciality： Electrical Engineering Affiliation： School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Date of Defence： June, 2015 Degree-Conferring-Institution：XXXX - I - 摘 要 近几年，微网系统凭借其诸多的优点使得现代电力系统研究进入了新的时代， 其通过整合各种微源的优势极大的促进电力系统的发展。微网具有交流结构、直 流结构和交直流混合结构，与传统直流微网或交流微网相比，交直流混合微网结 构灵活、能量利用率高，但控制复杂。为了保证不
4、同运行状态下交直流混合微网 在小扰动下能够稳定运行，本文对不同运行模式下的控制策略进行了研究。为了 减小弃风弃光，提高系统综合利用效率，实现削峰填谷，本文对利用群智能算法 进行主动负荷响应进行了研究。 首先，本文建立了典型微源的数学模型，其中包括：太阳能光伏发电、风力 发电和储能单元。对于光伏发电，利用所建立模型分析了不同环境下光伏电池板 的输出特性，根据功率电压特性曲线，利用扰动观察法在 DC/DC 变流器实现最 大功率追踪，保证光能的最大利用率；对于风力发电，详细分析了其各模块的数 学模型，建立其仿真模型并验证了模型的有效性，为后续风电参与频率调节奠定 基础；对于蓄电池，详细分析了其出口双
5、向 DC/DC 变流器的工作原理，并通过 仿真验证了其可有效调节直流母线电压。 其次，本文根据交直流混合微网系统结构和运行特点提出了混合微网系统协 同控制策略。在联网运行状态下，光伏发电和风力发电以最大功率输出以充分利 用可再生能源，微网管理系统通过控制微型燃气轮机的出力来调节与外电网的交 换功率，蓄电池仅参与直流母线电压调节；在孤网运行状态下，光伏发电仍以最 大功率输出，蓄电池、风力发电和燃气轮机三者对系统进行协同控制，以保证系 统频率电压的稳定。利用所建立的仿真模型，通过对比仿真验证了所提控制策略 在控制交换功率，抑制频率变化，稳定直流电压上的有效性。 最后，针对可再生能源波动性大，日负荷
6、曲线与可再生能源输出曲线不相符， 利用燃气轮机进行调节后其输出曲线峰谷差较大，综合利用效率低的问题，提出 了引入电价激励政策的主动负荷响应策略。该策略利用蚁群算法，以最小用电费 用为目标函数进行用电任务安排。通过对比验证，证明了本文所用蚁群算法可高 效，快速的实现主动负荷响应，有效的缩小燃气轮机输出峰谷差，提高系统综合 利用效率。 本课题由国家自然科学基金委（NSFC）提供资助。项目名称：智能电网 与电动汽车环境友好集成与交互基础理论和关键技术研究 （） 。 关键词：混合微网；协同控制；主动负荷响应；蚁群算法；削峰填谷 Abstract -II- Abstract In recent year
7、s, micro-grid system has brought modern electric power systems research into a new era because of its advantages, it promotes the development of power system greatly by integrating the advantages of a variety of micro-sources. Comparing with traditional AC or DC micro-grid, a hybrid AC/DC micro-grid
8、 has flexible structure and high energy efficiency but complex control. This paper researched on the control strategy of hybrid AC/DC micro-grid in different operating status to ensure the stable operation in small perturbations. In order to reduce abandoning wind and sun, improve the utilization ef
9、ficiency and realize load shifting, this paper researched on the active load response by swarm intelligence algorithm. Firstly, this paper established the mathematical model of typical micro sources, including photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery (BA). For PV, this paper used the established
10、model analyzing the output characteristic in different environments, realized the maximum power point tracking by disturbance observer method in DC/DC converter to ensure maximum utilization of light energy. For wind turbine, this paper analyzed the mathematical model of each module and the simulati
11、on result proved the mathematical model was effective which laid a foundation for participation in frequency regulation of wind turbine. For BA, this paper analyzed the working principle of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the simulation result proved the model can effectively keep the stable o
12、f the DC bus voltage. Secondly, according to the structure and operational characteristics of hybrid AC/DC micro-grid, this paper proposed a coordinated control strategy. In grid- connected mode, PV and wind turbine work in maximum output power to take full use of renewable energy, micro-grid manage
13、ment system adjusted the exchange power by changing the output power of micro gas turbine and the battery only adjusted the DC bus voltage. In island mode, the PV still worked in maximum output power, the battery, wind turbine and gas turbine cooperatively adjusted the system to keep the stable of f
14、requency and voltage. The simulation result proved the proposed cooperative control strategy was effectively on controlling exchange power, restricting frequency fluctuation and keeping DC Voltage stable. Finally，as the renewable energy has large fluctuations, the daily load curve and renewable ener
15、gy output curve doesnt match, the output curve of gas turbine has large peak and valley difference after adjusting and the system has low efficiency, this paper proposed an active load response strategy with price incentive policy. The strategy used ant colony algorithm and made minimum electricity
16、costs as the target function to arrange the power task. By contrast verification, the result proved the ant colony this - III - paper used could quickly and efficiently realize active load response, efficiently reduce the output peak and valley difference of gas turbine and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the system. This Project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Project name: The Basic Theory and
