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1、英语作文专题句子成分的准确定位和简单句的五种基本句型讲解一、句子成份句子有各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词作主语）We often speak English in class.（代词）To s
2、wim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）What we are going to do has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）It is useless _ (say ) that to your neighbors. Their _(different
3、 ) arent obvious. _(listen) is important while learning a foreign language. _ he could get there remains a mystery. 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语；连系动词需要和表语构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。 He worked hard all day today.
4、（实义动词作谓语）The park looks beautiful.（连系动词+表语作谓语）You must finish the project by Friday.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语）I dont like walking.（助动词+实义动词作谓语）3、表语:表语的功能是说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态，它位于系动词(比如be)之后，与之构成系表结构。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词，不定式、动名词、分词、介词、介词短语和从句等。My sister is a nurse.（名词作表语）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词
5、）The speech is exciting.（分词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）习题： My task is _ (teach) you English.The park looks _(beauty).The man looked at me _
6、(anger). 改错： They are the same age. I am illness.The words are of very value. 4、宾语: 宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者，一般跟在及物动词之后，但不少介词与动词已构成固定的动词短语，所以介词的宾语亦变为动词短语的宾语。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语和从句等。We like English. （名词作宾语）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housewo
7、rk yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）定从习题： I like the street _ I saw yesterday. I like the street _ I walked yesterday.I regret _(inform) you that I have hired another man. I would appreciate _(live) with y
8、ou. 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. （me是间接宾语；some ink是直接宾语）有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor(班长).（him是宾语； our monitor是宾语补足语）5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语意义的句子成分。可以用作宾补的有：名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。I saw you crossing the street （现在分词作宾补）His fathe
9、r named him Dongming.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 可以作定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。单个形容词作定语通常位于被修饰词之前；但单个形容词作定语修饰不定代词
10、时要位于不定代词之后。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语，从句等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词作定语）China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章
11、) about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。可以作状语的有：形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。但有时也可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组作状语）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model p
12、lane.（现在分词短语）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） Frightened, she asked me to go with her.（过去分词）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She pu
13、t the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）简单句的五种基本句型英语句
14、子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 主语 不及物动词 S十V十P主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾宾补结构 基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词） (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with,
15、lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词) The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them. (第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中,不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。常见的不及物动词有appear,apologize,arrive,argue,agr
