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1、Present Perfect Tense,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成: 用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结 果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has + 过去分词,动词的过去分词： 规则变化（和过去时一样） 不规则变化（特殊记）,不规则变化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-dr
2、ove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come r
3、un- ran run become-became-become,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 一般疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 特殊疑问式：疑问词+助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),- Are you free? -I
4、have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,现在完成时的运用(1): 1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already lef
5、t here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ev
6、er 表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,I have ever been to
7、the Summer Palace? (我曾去过颐和园),I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Adverbs of time,before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否/疑
8、), already(肯), ever, never, all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there
9、, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.
10、 Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的
11、不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,1.都表示过去发生的事 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用； 3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）,present,past,I have lived here for two years,I lived there 2 years ago,注意点一： 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作一
12、直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 试比较： The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，
13、还可能会继续。） I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）,Put the following sentences into English. A: 火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的. A: 这本书我已经买了两年了. B: 你在哪儿买的? A: 在我老家买的. A: 你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过. A: 什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,
14、A: have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I saw it last Sunday.,A: Ive had the book for two years. B: Where did you buy it? A: I bought it in my hometown.,eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match
15、on TV at 9:00.,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already. 2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.,have had,arrived,has,been to,has,seen,saw,have been built,、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。,1.Have you eatten fish and chips/ french fries? 2.I have lost my Chinese book. 3 I have never been to that park
