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1、选修6Unit1 Art Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, thi
2、s text will describe only the most important ones., starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent _(religion) themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people
3、 as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident_ ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renais
4、sance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art
5、. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achieve
6、ments.One of the most important _(discover) during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspecti
7、ve had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and _(deep). _ the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great
8、masterpieces _ which this period is famous.Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly _(agriculture) society_ a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and s
9、ocial changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away _ the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and work in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at diffe
10、rent times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as _ of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careles
11、s and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of _ we call modern art. This is _ the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in
12、new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates _a certain quali
13、ties of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On _ hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there _ in the future?Using LanguageReading The Best of Manhattans Galleri
14、esThe Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery _ any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection _ the American people. Frick had a _(prefer) for pre-twentieth cen
15、tury Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well _（值得的） a visit.Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. These art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal _ those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous. When you walk into the gallery, you fell as if you were inside a fragile, white se
